Cardiac complications stemming from intra-cranial hypertension may result from impaired intra-cellular Ca 2+ homeostasis. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of dantrolene, a blocker of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca 2+ release, on myocardial dysfunction associated with intra-cranial hypertension in rats. Dantrolene (10 mg) with and without 15% mannitol was administered to halothane-anesthetized rats prior to induction of intra-cranial hypertension by subdural balloon inflation. Its effects were compared to 3% and 15% mannitol and 5% Pentaspan ® . Dantrolene with mannitol or 15% mannitol alone prevented the transient intra-cranial hypertension-induced hyperdynamic response and ensuing circulatory collapse that was found in animals pre-treated with 3% mannitol solution or pentaspan. Moreover, hemodynamic function was preserved irrespective of TnI cleavage. However, only animals treated with high dose 15% mannitol exhibited lower lipid peroxidation content in the heart. In contrast, pre-treatment with dantrolene alone did not prevent the cardiac complications associated with intra-cranial hypertension. In conclusion, 15% mannitol attenuated the cardiopulmonary complications associated with intra-cranial hypertension. Dantrolene without mannitol was without effect. Since mannitol exhibits free radical scavenging properties, protection could be the result of a decrease in oxidative stress after intra-cranial hypertension.
This paper describes a multichannel optical correlator that uses two spatial dimensions to achieve multi-channel capability and operates in real time. Given I signals, r(i)(t), and J signals, s(j)(t), it can produce the I x J cross products, r(i)(t)s(j)(t), averaged over some interval. Multiplication is based on the fact that the square of the sum of two signals contains their cross product. Light fields modulated by the signals are added and their sum squared by measuring its intensity. An experimental correlator and its performance are described along with applications.
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