Ceria has been the subject of thorough investigations, mainly because of its use as an active component of catalytic converters for the treatment of exhaust gases. However, ceria‐based catalysts have also been developed for different applications in organic chemistry. The redox and acid–base properties of ceria, either alone or in the presence of transition metals, are important parameters that allow to activate complex organic molecules and to selectively orient their transformation. Pure ceria is used in several organic reactions, such as the dehydration of alcohols, the alkylation of aromatic compounds, ketone formation, and aldolization, and in redox reactions. Ceria‐supported metal catalysts allow the hydrogenation of many unsaturated compounds. They can also be used for coupling or ring‐opening reactions. Cerium atoms can be added as dopants to catalytic system or impregnated onto zeolites and mesoporous catalyst materials to improve their performances. This Review demonstrates that the exceptional surface (and sometimes bulk) properties of ceria make cerium‐based catalysts very effective for a broad range of organic reactions.

We investigated the oxygen uptake response (V.O (2)) to a 1500-m test conducted using a competition race strategy. On an outdoor track, eleven middle-distance runners performed a test to determine V.O (2max), velocity associated with V.O (2max) (v-V.O (2max)) and a supramaximal 1500-m running test (each test at least two days apart). V.O (2max) response was measured with the use of a miniaturised telemetric gas exchange system (Cosmed, K4, Roma, Italy). The 1500-m running test was performed at a mean velocity of 107. 6 + 2 % v-V.O (2max). The maximal value of oxygen uptake recorded during the 1500-m test (V.O (2peak)) was reached by subjects at 75.9 + 7.5 s (mean + SD) (i.e., 459 +/- 59 m). The time to reach V.O (2max) (TV.O (2peak)) and the start velocity (200- to 400-m after the onset of the 1500 m) expressed in % v-V.O (2max) were negatively and significantly correlated (p < 0.05), but our results indicate that a fast start does not necessarily induce a good performance. These results suggest that V.O (2max) is reached by all the subjects at the onset of a simulated 1500-m running event and are therefore in contrast with previous results obtained during treadmill running.

No abstract

No abstract

International audienceFatty acid methyl esters from rapeseed oil can be converted to monomers for polymer industries (85% methyl-9-hydroxynonanoate) by an oxydoreductive cleavage step in solvent free medium at room temperature, followed by a reduction step. All by-products are valuable and the reactions are performed under mild conditions

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract