We compared the point prevalence of cutting fluid dermatitis and transepidermal water vapour loss (TEWL) changes in groups of new machinists who (a) used a barrier cream; (b) used an afterwork emollient cream; and (c) did not use any cream (controls) over a 6‐month period. All machinists handled cutting fluid (neat mineral oil) during their work. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of cutting fluid dermatitis in the 3 groups throughout the study period. The prevalence of cutting fluid dermatitis in all groups increased rapidly during the first 6 weeks and thereafter remained steady throughout the remainder of the study period. The prevalence of cutting fluid dermatitis was slightly lower in machinists using afterwork emollient cream compared to those using barrier cream and controls (not significant). The differences in the mean TEWL changes during the study period among the 3 groups were also not statistically significant. The mean TEWL values in the 3 groups increased rapidly during the first 6 weeks of exposure to cutting fluids and thereafter remained fairly constant throughout the remainder of the study period. Barrier cream and afterwork emollient cream did not appear to have any significant effect against either cutting fluid dermatitis or TEWL changes in machinists exposed to cutting fluid. However, afterwork emollient cream appeared clinically to help reduce the prevalence of cutting fluid irritation.
Summary: Oral ketoconazole has become well known in the dermatological practice over the past 5 years. However, since many fungal infections of the skin do not need to be treated orally, a topical formulation of ketoconazole was developed for treatment of these minor fungal infections of the skin. Animal studies indicated that topical ketoconazole was very active in the most common skin infections. The formulation was not reported to give dermal absorption and was not toxic in animals. Volunteer trials indicated that topical ketoconazole was well tolerated. Open and double blind clinical trials demonstrated that topical ketoconazole was more active than placebo and at least as active as clotrimazole. Zusammenfassung: Die orale Ketoconazolebehandlung hat in den vergangenen 5 Jahren zunehmenden Eingang in die dermatologische Praxis gefunden. Da aber viele Pilzinfektionen der Haut keiner oralen Behandlung bedürfen, wurde eine Ketoconazol‐Form für die Lokalbehandlung der Haut bei kleineren Pilzinfektionen entwickelt. Tierexperimente haben gezeigt, daß lokal angewandtes Ketoconazol bei den meisten Pilzinfektionen der Haut sehr wirksam ist. Es wurdenweder eine transkutane Absorption noch toxische Folgeerscheinungen bei Tieren beobachtet. In Versuchen mit Freiwilligen wurde die lokale Ketoconazolapplikation sehr gut vertragen. Offene und Doppelblindstudien haben gezeigt, daß Ketoconazol‐Lokalbehandlung aktiver ist als Plazebo und mindestens ebenso aktiv wie Clotrimazol ist.
Miconazole nitrate was used topically in 83 dermatophytic and candidal infections. Complete cure was obtained in 81% of the cases. The in vitro studies made before, during and after treatment showed no evidence of resistance to the drug. The miconazole 2% cream and powder preparations were well tolerated. Only one case of sensitization was observed.
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