Aim of the study Patients with cancer might have an increased risk for severe outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To identify risk factors associated with a worse outcome of COVID-19, a nationwide registry was developed for patients with cancer and COVID-19. Methods This observational cohort study has been designed as a quality of care registry and is executed by the Dutch Oncology COVID-19 Consortium (DOCC), a nationwide collaboration of oncology physicians in the Netherlands. A questionnaire has been developed to collect pseudonymised patient data on patients’ characteristics, cancer diagnosis, and treatment. All patients with COVID-19 and a cancer diagnosis or treatment in the past 5 years are eligible. Results Between March 27 th and May 4 th , 442 patients were registered. For this first analysis, 351 patients were included of whom 114 patients died. In multivariable analyses, age ≥65 years ( p <0.001), male gender ( p =0.035), prior or other malignancy ( p =0.045), and active diagnosis of haematological malignancy ( p =0.046) or lung cancer ( p =0.003) were independent risk factors for a fatal outcome of COVID-19. In a subgroup analysis of patients with active malignancy, the risk for a fatal outcome was mainly determined by tumour type (haematological malignancy or lung cancer) and age (≥65 years). Conclusion The findings in this registry indicate that patients with a haematological malignancy or lung cancer have an increased risk of a worse outcome of COVID-19. During the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, these vulnerable patients should avoid exposure to SARS-CoV-2, whereas treatment adjustments and prioritizing vaccination, when available, should also be considered.

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In conclusion, we believe the intermittent function of the Nellcor N-100 pulse oximeter noted during positive pressure ventilation associated with hypovolaemia in neonates and small children represents an important clinical observation which can help guide intraoperative fluid management. Anaesthetists should use this and other clinical signs to provide appropriate fluid administration, since these patients tolerate intravascular volume excesses and deficits poorly.

Summary:Activation of donor T cells is required for the development of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a major complication of bone marrow transplantation. We investigated a murine model of GVHD across major and minor histocompatibility barriers. BALB/c recipients were lethally irradiated and transplanted with 10 7 bone marrow and 5 ؋ 10 6 spleen cells from C57BL/6 donors. There were two separate phases of clinical disease. The first phase was most severe on day 7 after transplant. Weight and condition improved until day 12 and then a second phase of clinical GVHD commenced, which persisted until euthanasia. IL-2 mRNA expression, as a measure of T cell activation, was determined by quantitative PCR. The two phases of clinical GVHD were preceded by two separate peaks of IL-2 mRNA in the spleen. Host MHC class II + cells became undetectable by flow cytometry 7 days after transplantation, whereas donor MHC class II + cells increased during the first 9 days after transplantation. Removal of donor MHC class II + cells from the graft had no effect on the first phase. Possible roles for host and donor antigenpresenting cells (APC) in the two phases of the disease are discussed. Bone Marrow Transplantation (2002) 29, 151-158. DOI: 10.1038/sj/bmt/1703328 Keywords: graft-versus-host; MHC; antigen presentation; transplantation; cytokines Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains the most significant obstacle to successful allogeneic BMT or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for leukemia and other conditions. In MHC-matched unrelated donor transplants, acute GVHD of grade II or above occurs in up to twothirds of cases. 1 Acute GVHD has a complex pathophysiology which can involve wasting, diarrhea, skin and gut lesions and liver damage. 2 T cell activation in response to

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At home management in the aplastic phase after high-dose chemotherapy and stemcell transplant by community-based professionals is feasible without signs of increased toxicity or infections.

These results suggest that MM given orally is not effective in this murine model of GVHD and may not have a role in the treatment and prevention of acute GVHD arising from bone marrow transplantation in the clinical setting.

Summary Six recovery tests, choice reaction time ( C R T ) , C R T doubletask, jinger tapping test ( F T T ) , critical flicker fusion frequency (CFF), Maddox wing, and p-deletion test, which cover basic cognitive, motor and perceptive functions as well as concentration further research is needed. Maddox wing and the p-deletion test correlated with no other test. Results indicated that recovery is differentiated in at least four distinct psychomotor functions, which should be tested by C R T (to measure initiation and movement time), Maddox wing and p-deletion. Key wordsAnaesthesia; outpatient; recovery. Psychomotor tests; choice reaction time; finger tapping test; critical flicker fusion frequency; Maddox wing; p-deletion test.Rapid recovery from general anaesthesia is important in daycase surgery to permit early discharge of patients.Consequently, anaesthetists have become aware of the relevance of evaluation of recovery by psychological performance testing1 A wide variety of tests were applied, from the patient's ability to open eyes2 to the use of advanced computerised test methods3 However, tests to evaluate recovery have not been standardised and many investigators use a test battery which is not relevant to all aspects of recovery. Furthermore, the majority of the tests measure several psychological functions at the same time, such as competence, ability and motivation without specifying the relative contribution of each to the results.The purpose of this study was to assess and evaluate correlations between six tests that measure 11 test parameters, which include the major functions relevant to recovery to see if different functions have an independent rate of recovery. An attempt was made on the basis of these data to determine the minimum requirements for a test battery for recovery from anaesthesia. Patients and methodsTwenty-two ASA class 1 patients aged scheduled for diagnostic arthroscopy of 18 to 57 years, the knee in the daycase surgery unit participated. The study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the hospital and all patients gave verbal informed consent. The patients were examined before operation. No medication likely to affect recovery from general anaesthesia was taken by any of the patients and no premedication was given.After pre-oxygenation, anaesthesia was induced with 1 mg/kg methohexitone, followed by atracurium 0.5 mg/kg. Anaesthesia was maintained, after tracheal intubation, with 66% nitrous oxide in oxygen using a circle system and absorber with a total fresh gas flow of 3 litres/minute, and patients' lungs were ventilated to maintain end-expiratory CO, between 4 and 5%. Isoflurane 3% (inspired) was given before intubation and 0.9% (inspired) during maintenance. The isoflurane and nitrous oxide were stopped at the end of surgery which was defined as the end of anaesthesia. Neuromuscular blockade was reversed with atropine and neostigmine. No other drugs were given before or during anaesthesia. Assessment of' recoveryThe tests that follow (total of 11 variables) were p...