Реферат. В статье рассматриваются возможности, способствующие повышению конкурентоспособности субъектов Российской Федерации, входящих в Северо-Западный федеральный округ на примере внедрения кластеров. Создание кластеров следует рассматривать как источник внедрения инноваций. В настоящее время инновации являются активным звеном всех сфер жизнедеятельности общества и становятся основой устойчивого развития любого региона. Невозможно представить современный мир без как уже осуществившихся инноваций, ставшими привычными, так и без будущих, способствующих дальнейшей эволюции экономической системы. Большинство ученых сходятся во мнении, что инновации превратились в основную движущую силу экономического и социального развития. Поэтому задачей исследования является оценка перспектив экономического и инновационного развития Северо-Западного федерального округа и определения его места в экономике России. Россиястрана настолько резких межрегиональных экономических, социальных и политических контрастов, что каждый потенциальный инвестор при наличии достаточной информации об инвестиционном климате может выбрать регион с наилучшими условиями инвестирования. Обычно инвестору для принятия решения необходимо иметь оценки степени инвестиционной привлекательности и уровня существующих рисков. Разделение регионов по признаку инвестиционной привлекательности позволяет более обоснованно сформулировать основные принципы региональной политики, а также стимулировать региональные власти к более энергичным действиям по улучшению инвестиционного климата. Анализ инвестиционной привлекательности субъектов РФ показал, что регионы обладают различными инвестиционными возможностями (потенциалами) и в них действуют разные факторы риска. Исследованием инвестиционных процессов занимается огромное количество экономистов и аналитиков. Дополнительные вложения требуются в любой отрасли. Будь-то привлечение инвестора для открытия нового дела, поддержание градообразующего предприятия, отдельного региона или страны в целом.
Purpose: The present paper is a study of the most well-known foreign and domestic methods for assessing the investment climate of the regions as well as identifying their main disadvantages. Methodology: The study of regional investment issues should be based on a systematic approach taking into account the positive and negative aspects of each methodology separately. Result: Opportunities to improve the competitiveness of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are considered, too. The existing methods applied by various research-rating agencies are considered in detail. Applications: This research can be used for the universities, teachers and education students. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of comparative analysis of tools for estimation of the investment climate of territories is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.
Introduction. Consideration of the prospects for positive transformations in modern Russian education, even at the level of problem formulation, remains relevant from the point of view of assessing possible further constructive transformations. It is important to analyze the possibilities of using traditional and innovative foreign and domestic experience in the face of new challenges.Problem statement. The article actualizes the problem of the correlation between the use of foreign cultural educational samples and domestic unique experience, taking into account the specifics of regional Siberian universities. A special place is occupied by the problems of practical application of the competence-oriented educational model, the use of IT technologies in the educational process, new trends in education, such as digital pedagogy, reverse learning, a variety of interactive and distance forms that constructively affect the subjectivity of the teaching community and students.Methodology of the study. The paper uses traditional methods of humanitarian research, in particular, systemic and structural-functional approaches, comparative and retrospective analysis, elements of sociological research (questionnaires, interviews, content analysis, etc.), as well as some methods of post-non-classical (synergetic) methodological approach. The published data of a sociological survey of teachers of humanities of four Novosibirsk and Altai universities and three educational institutions of additional education, as well as the results of interviewing teachers of higher education in the Siberian region, were used as an empirical basis for the study.Results. The article clarifies forecasts of further changes in the structure and trends in education, current problems of improving the competence-oriented educational model, taking into account foreign experience, based on the latest expert sources and official speeches of Russian educational methodologists and strategists. It is shown that in the form that it exists now, this model is opportunistic, overly formalized, methodologically vulnerable and therefore toxic to the modern qualitative educational process. In this sense, the necessary understanding has been reached at the level of the “regulator”, which is considering ways to reformat some of the Bologna Principles, for example, changing the structure of bachelor’s and master’s degrees. Attention is again focused on the problem of wages and other forms of material incentives for ordinary teachers of provincial universities, which, against the background of an increase in the academic load, as a rule, does not reach the average for the economy in the regions. At the level of the problem statement, the emerging difficulties of grant support for research work in educational organizations are considered.Conclusions. The article actualizes the problem of the correlation between the use of international and domestic unique experience, taking into account the specifics of regional Siberian universities. It is shown that in this direction, educational subjects have reached an understanding of the need for differentiated use of foreign cultural achievements and the active introduction of their own innovations, especially in the field of IT technologies and digital pedagogy. At the level of the problem statement, there is a tendency to tighten and formalize publication and other criteria for obtaining grants even by leading scientists and professors of higher education, not to mention dubious transformations in the system of the former RFH, RFBR and RSF. Obtaining grants is becoming a problem for provincial universities, and the corruption component and elements of scientific protectionism are also not excluded.
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