Studies in 47 right-handed subjects with right and left leading eyes addressed the latent periods of visually-evoked saccades in the horizontal, vertical, and diagonal directions within the field of vision. Visual environments with three levels of temporospatial complexity and two standard time protocols of visual stimulation, with "gap" and "overlap," were used. In subjects with left leading eyes, saccades were more often performed with shorter latent periods in the direction ipsilateral to the leading eye than in the contralateral direction (53% versus 20%); among subjects with right leading eyes, the proportions with decreases in the latent periods in the ipsi- and contralateral directions were different (25% and 22%, respectively). Thus, there was a relationship between eye dominance and the spatial asymmetry of the latent periods of saccades.

The saccadic eye movements declining given the development of Parkinson's disease (PD) still deserves thorough analysis. Recent studies confirmed that PD patients show poor saccadic control in visuomotor tasks. The purpose of this study was to investigate the dynamics of saccades parameters at the development of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) model of PD. The gradual decline of saccadic control was studied in two monkeys that executed the visuomotor task with low doses of MPTP being injected at a prolonged period of time. The experiment included investigating the horizontal, vertical, oblique visually guided saccades as well as the corrective saccades triggered by stimuli onset in various loci within a two-dimensional visual field in the Gap-Step-Overlap paradigm. Our study revealed that the execution of visually guided saccades with small amplitude and corrective saccades changed dramatically with MPTP-model progressing. These changes are also confirmed statistically at the presymptomatic stage of MPTP syndrome. Not only our study gives a robust report of PD dynamics development and saccadic control but the obtained data could also be helpful in developing methods for the early diagnosis of PD.

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Changes in the amplitude and dynamic parameters of purposive saccades were studied in monkeys with MPTP-induced Parkinson-like syndrome. Lengthening of saccade latency, decreased maximum velocity of eye movements, and impaired saccade accuracy were observed at the early stages MPTP-syndrome. Different disturbances of large- and small-scale saccades were found.

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Studies of Parkinson's disease in recent years have made wide use of a model of Parkinson-like syndrome in animals, induced with N-methyl-4-phenyl-l,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) [3][4][5]. The model has been used to study protective and compensatory substances in MPTP-induced syndrome [1, 2]. The aim of the present work was to study the residual effects of amiridine and K-34 on the symptomatology of MPTP syndrome.Experiments were carried out on 6 Macaca rhesus monkeys, 4 of which had been used 12 months previously to model MPTP-induced syndrome with subsequent recovery on amiridine and K-34.Monkey I received 10 MPTP injections (0.2 mg/kg), to a total dose of 22 mg; treatment with amiridine was started immediately after the course of MPTP had finished, and the animal received 15 doses of amiridine (0. Experimental studies of changes in cognitive functions were carried out using a simplified Viskonsinskii test device. This device consisted of a cell in which the monkey was presented with a transparent hollow cube with an edge length of 15 cm. One of the cube walls had an opening 12 cm in diameter. The cube could be fixed in front of the monkey in 5 different positions: with the opening above, towards, to the right, to the left, and away from the animal. Reinforcement was placed within the cube and consisted of standard monkey feed (carrots, beetroot, potato, dried fruit, etc.) and pieces of feed weighing 4-6 g. Experiments were carried out in the presence of the investigator, who assessed the monkeys' behavior visually and recorded the experimental results.Each experiment consisted of 27 presentations of the cube. With the aim of preventing the monkeys from learning the sequence of cube positions, positions were selected at random. The following parameters were recorded for each presentation and each response made by the animal: the latent period of the response, i.e., the time taken by the monkey to perform a correct response and receive reinforcement; the number of mistakes; and the distribution of mistakes. Errors were defined as attempts to take the reinforcement through the walls of the cube. Monkeys Nos. 3 and 4 were tested in the apparatus after modeling of MPTP syndrome.Studies of the dynamic characteristics of operant responses (hand movements) in the experimental apparatus were performed using an IBM PC/AT personal computer running a program developed in our department. The apparatus also contained two standard VGA monitors: one for presentation of visual stimuli (this monitor was located 50 cm from the animals' eyes), the second for monitoring the experiment. Reinforcement (fruit juice) was provided using an automatically controlled peristaltic pump. During the experiment, animals were kept in a primate chair fitted with a lever on the left-hand side; the monitor and chair were placed in a darkened room. The lever position was digitized using an analog-to-digital converter, with readings taken every 10 msec. Data corresponding to the level movement trajectory were recorded on disk for subsequent analy...

Музыкальная деятельность профессионального пианиста мало исследована объективными методами. У большинства музыкантов задача чтения нот с листа вызывает особую трудность как в учебной, так и в профессиональной деятельности. Понимание зрительно-моторных механизмов и когнитивных процессов, вовлеченных в реализацию данного навыка, может помочь музыкальной педагогической практике. Большинство исследований по данной теме проведено в условиях, далеких от реальных. Данная работа является междисциплинарной, так как в ней пересекаются интересы музыкальной педагогики, психологии и физиологии. Цель. На примере задачи по чтению с листа нотного текста в условиях, приближенных к реальным, исследовать взаимодействие зрительно-моторных параметров и их связь с параметрами рабочей памяти. Методика. 55 человек в возрасте 18-25 лет (30 пианистов и 25 не пианистов) тестировались по методикам OS и N-back для определения индивидуальных параметров рабочей памяти и времени сложной зрительно-моторной реакции. Методом видеоокулографии регистрировались движения глаз у пианистов во время чтения нот с листа. Результаты. Зрительно-моторные параметры исполнения (зрительномоторная задержка, ошибки и регрессии) значимо различаются при чтении музыкальных текстов разной сложности. По сравнению с литературными данными получены противоположные результаты для величины зрительно

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