The textile industry is a source of significant amounts of cellulosic waste that can be processed into promising sorbents. The aim of study was understanding the adsorption behavior of metal ions on cellulose surfaces obtained from cellulose textile waste of light industry. Previous studies have shown that unmodified cellulose-based ion exchange resins obtained at different pH values were able to remove metal ions from aqueous solution. In present work the cellulose-based ion exchange resins were prepared by H2SO4 hydrolysis of initial waste product with following neutralization up to different pH and drying at 80 °C. Based on the fractional composition of powdered sorbents, the weighted average particle size of the sorbents used is determined: sorbents with pH = 1.5 - 3 ≈ 0.57 mm; sorbents with pH = 5 - 7 ≈ 0.14 mm. The IR analysis of the elemental composition of the particles showed the presence of bound sulfate groups in the powder sorbent with pH = 1.5-3. The results of experiments showed that the modification of the surface of the cellulose waste with sulfuric acid increased the effect of adsorption of Ni, Fe and Pb ions from an aqueous solution. It has been established that the electrostatic interaction between surface functional groups plays a significant role in the adsorption properties of the sorbents obtained. The affinity of sulphonic acid resins for cations generally varies with the ionic size and charge of the cation. This study showed that adsorption capacities of studied metals were in the order of Fe3+<Pb2+<Ni2+. Resulting cellulose particles have sulfate groups on their surface, which have wide range of applications for the removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater.
The process of methionine extracting from food enterprises wastewater by ion exchange sorption was studied in work. The optimal conditions for conducting the process of sorption and desorption of methionine on polycondensation cation exchanger KU-5 were determined. The maximum coefficient of ion-exchange equilibrium from aqueous salt solutions in a strongly acidic medium (pH 2) at the sodium sulfate concentration in the equilibrium solution of 2.1 mg-Eq/ml was determined by the analysis of the isotherms of methionine sorption in the sodium form of the KU-5 cation exchanger. Methionine desorption was carried out with a 1% NaOH solution, which allowed crystalline methionine being extracted from the eluate at pH 6.5 at room temperature, this crystalline methionine meeting the requirements of regulatory documentation. An automatic control scheme where the adsorber operates in a closed cycle: sorption–acidic wastewater displacement–desorption and activation of cation exchanger–regenerating solution displacement–sorption, was proposed to optimize the process. The method allows additional measurement of the modes and changing the equipment parameters depending on the rational parameters of the sorption/desorption. This approach allows complete extraction of the target component from wastewater, as well as increases the sorbent use completeness and energy and resource-saving at the enterprise.
A promising approach to amino acids extracting from industrial enterprises wastewater is ion-exchange sorption. The plant for the sorption extraction of amino acids from wastewater includes three ion-exchange columns of vertical type, a reservoir for source water, condensate and regenerating solution tanks equipped with heating elements, and control valves system. The method of automatic control of the process of ionexchange sorption of amino acids from wastewater was developed. It includes monitoring of concentrations of waste water components, measurement of the flow rate of liquid solutions and their level in tanks. Information on the course of the process of amino acids ion-exchange sorption from wastewater is transferred from level sensors in the source water tanks, the distillate and desorption solution, the initial water acidity and when it is fed to ion exchange columns at distillate and desorbing solution temperatures, the concentration of the target component in the source water and water at the output from ion-exchange columns and flow through secondary devices to the microprocessor. Then, through the digital-to-analog converters, the correcting signal is sent to the actuators to change the performance parameters of the equipment depending on the selected criteria. Additional measurement of modes and changing the parameters of the equipment operation depending on the selected criteria allows to increase the accuracy of control and to minimize energy and material costs.
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