The classical problem of determining the secular retardation of the Earth's rotation due to the effect of tides (oceanic and bodily) has an important geophysical value in determining the possible existence of processes inside the Earth, which lead to secular variations of rotation of the whole Earth or its external layers.Using new cotidal charts of the world ocean calculated by Bogdanov for the main tidal waves M2, S2, K1 and O1 and using the method of moments of tidal forces the retarding moment was found to be 8.3 × 1023 dyn cm. This is twice the amount of previous evaluations. (This method is superior to the method of calculating the dissipation of energy or the moments of frictional forces). This amount corresponds to a retardation of 3.8 μs/century in the speed of the Earth's rotation. But the observations of the Sun give only 1.9 μs/century for the retardation. Thus, there seem to be nontidal and probably internal processes, which accelerate the Earth's rotation by about 2 μs/century. And this is without taking account of additional smaller effects of bodily tides. The search for these processes is an important problem.The full text of the paper will be published in the magazine Physics of the Earth, No. 2, 1972.
The study deals with the investigation of processing parameters of acidic water extraction of protein-free compounds from lupin flour in presence of hydrolytic enzymes with different substrate specificity. An important objective of the study was to analyze content of the liquid extract (lupin whey) and its perspectives for biofuel production. Commercial cytolytic enzyme systems (Cellulase-100, Cellolux-A, -F) were used in the extraction process. Multienzyme complex complied of individual enzymes such as cellulase, xylanase and -amylase was used as an alternative. The optimized multienzyme complex was composed from 1.1 ± 0.2 units g -1 of cellulase, 5.2 ± 0.4 units g -1 of xylanase and 2.5 ± 0.2 units g -1 of -amylase. The enzymatic treatment resulted in 19 % increase of the total sugar content of lupin whey versus to the control whey obtained without enzyme addition. The lupin whey was condensed by evaporation to 48 50 % dry matter content. Condensed whey was used as nutrient medium for cultivation of yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae. After fermentation the yield of bioethanol reached 1.6 g/l. The proposed technology of complex processing of vegetable raw materials allows to obtain lupin protein concentrates with a crude protein content up to 63.2 ± 1.3 % on dry matter basis and lupin whey with a total sugar content of up to 29 % on dry matter basis. The lupin whey could be used as an organic substrate for biofuel production.
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