A vacuum microbalance system is described in which samples were heated by focused radiation. The heat source was a 1 kW projector lamp and an ellipsoidal mirror. Small specimens of good conductors could be heated rapidly and then continuously weighed at controlled temperatures of up to lOOO"C, while the rest of the vacuum system remained cool. Thermomolecular spurious mass effects were no more serious than with conventional heating methods. The apparatus has been used for studies of metal oxidation.
The spectra of stimulated emission, observed in the process of the H(2) + F(2) ? HF and D(2) + F(2) F(2)? DF reactions, were investigated and compared. The stimulated emission in the vibrational transitions up to 6-5 for the HF molecule and up to 9-8 for the DF molecule was discovered. It was found that the emission energy in the transitions of 2-1 and 5-4 bands in the H(2) + F(2) mixture was the highest possible. In the D(2) + F(2) mixture the emission energy maxima correspond to the 3-2 and 8-7 bands. The presence of the two maxima reflects the fact that the two types of chemical reactions contribute to the population inversion creation. One is a F + H(2)(D(2)) reaction, the other is a H(D) + F(2) reaction. By analyzing the characteristics of the chemical laser in which the energy exchange between the DF and CO(2) molecules takes place, the energy-transfer rate constant was estimated with the value being equal to (1.5 +/- 0.5) x 10(-12) cm(3) sec(-1).
Amorphous gallium films (thickness -9 nm) have been prepared by evaporation onto alow-temperaturesubstrate invacuum. Znsituopticalmeasurementsfrom0.5 to4.5 eV are analysed using Drude theory and produce a figure of 0.9 nm for the electron mean free path.Electrical measurements confirm the presence of the amorphous phase, and the results are consistent with earlier measurements on thick gallium films.
We present a system to measure the distance between two parties that allows only trusted people to access the result. The security of the protocol is guaranteed by the complementarity principle in quantum mechanics. The protocol can be realized with available technology, at least as a proof of principle experiment.
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