A b s t r a c tCurrently, in the total volume of poultry meat production turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) meat takes the second place in the world. According to the analytical agency (Global Reach Consulting, Russia), this segment has grown more than 8 times over the last 10 years. Positive dynamics is also observed in Russia, i.e. a 34.9 % increase has been achieved in 2015, mainly due to the use of modern genetic approaches and highly efficient technologies. The high competition in the market of the world's poultry genetic material defines the importance of monitoring its origin and genetic consolidation. It is known that one of the most informative methods for studying genetic biodiversity of different species in animals and birds is the analysis of microsatellite loci. The estimation in microsatellite loci in turkey breeds and commercial lines, bred in USA, Turkey, Hungary and other countries has allowed us to establish genetic profiles of breeds, their differentiation, similarities and differences. However, till now the study of microsatellite polymorphism in the Russian breeds of turkeys was not conducted. The aim of this work was to study polymorphism and genetic differentiation on microsatellite loci of turkeys' breeds of the Russian selection. The work was carried out at the North Caucasian Zonal Experimental Station for Poultry Breeding using the turkey breeds of the Russian selection maintained in the Breeding and Genetic Center of North Caucasian Zonal Experimental Station for Poultry Breeding. MLVA (multiple locus variable, number tandem repeats analysis) genotyping was performed on 12 VNTR loci (MNT9-MNT20). Blood samples were taken from turkeys of seven breeds: broad-breasted White (n = 12), North Caucasian Bronze (n = 12), North Caucasian White (n = 9), North Caucasian Silvery (n =15), Moscow White (n = 12), Tikhoretskaya Black (n = 10), Uzbek Buff (n = 8). DNA was isolated using guanidine thiocyanate. The quality of DNA samples was determined spectrophotometrically. The detection of PCR amplification products was carried out by the presence of specific bands on the electrophoregram in the agarose gel. To quantify the discriminating ability of the typing method, we used the Hunter-Gaston index. For grouping, the pairwise unweighted clustering with arithmetic averaging (UPGMA) was performed, the dendrogram was constructed using a computer program START-2. It is established that 3 loci (MNT11, MNT15, MNT17) of 12 investigated VNTR loci were monomorphic, and 6 loci (MNT9, MNT10, MNT12, MNT14, MNT19 and MNT20) had two alleles each. For MNT16, 3 alleles were revealed, and only MNT13 and MNT18 produced 4 alleles each. Twenty one of 26 identified alleles have not been previously described or deposited in specialized international databases that specifies in originality of the investigated Russian turkey breeds. Phylogenetic analysis of genetic distances allowed us to allocate two unequal clusters -I and II. The cluster I is formed by a part of broad-breasted White genotypes and from all genotypes of Uzbek Bu...
Tribal horse breeding is one of the priority areas of livestock in the Stavropol Territory. The article provides an analysis of the population of purebred horse breeding mares bred in the leading farms of the Stavropol Territory (OOO “SKHP Svobodnyi trud”, OOO “SKHP Novomarevskoe”, FGUP “Rassvet-Stavropole”). An assessment of the mares of the pedigree core of purebred horse breed showed that their genealogical structure is represented by 12 lines. It should be noted that the 5 lines of Norsen Dancer, Native Dancer, Nazrullah, Fairway and Tern-Tu go back to the same ancestor – the Falaris line, which is 82.6 % of the total number of breeding mares. The data obtained correspond to the general trend that is observed in the global structure of purebred horse breed. An analysis of the genealogical lines of the pedigree nucleus of purebred horse mares in the Stavropol Krai revealed their optimal linear and age structure. A zootechnical assessment showed that according to measurements and indices, the mares of the farms analyzed correspond to the breed standard. The research results can be recommended as educational material for students and undergraduates of universities studying in the areas of preparation of zootechnical profile.
The article presents the study of polymorphism of the CAST and GH genes, which determine the features of the manifestation of the productive and biological characteristics of sheep with ½ Kalmyk + ½ Dorper blood system. Calpastatin gene polymorphism represented by alleles M and N, whose frequency was 0,65 and 0,35; genotypes MM, MN – 30 and 70% accordingly. The desired NN genotype has not been identified. A relatively uniform incidence of allele N (0,35) CAST gene and B (0,40) GH was established, what contributed to an almost equal distribution of allele frequencies М (0,65) and А (0,60) genes of calpastatin and somatotropin accordingly. The frequency of heterozygous genotypes occurrence by CAST gene composed 0,7. By GH gene the following distribution of genotype frequencies is observed. Frequency of occurrence homozygous АА and heterozygous AB genotypes was equal to and is 0,4, wherein the frequency of occurrence advised homozygous ВВ genotype was 0,2. Among the animals studied, sheep with a complex genotype are most common CASTMN GHAB (40 %). The amount of percent CASTMM GHAA and CASTMN GHAA is in 22,2%. 10% is for genotypes CASTMM GHBB and CASTMN GHBB.
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