The purpose is to analyze the risk factors for functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) in children, which will prevent their development and optimize therapy. The article presents an analysis of the literature on risk factors for the most common disorders: functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome. Among all potential predictors of FGID, chronic psychological stress is the most significant. The main triggers for its occurrence are sleep disturbance, excessive mental stress, dissatisfaction with family relationships with friends and parents, abuse of gadgets, smartphones, etc. Among the predictors of FGID, scientists consider malnutrition, starting from an early age, namely artificial feeding, to be no less important. In older adults, excessive lipid intake, adherence to FODMAPs diets, and consumption of ultra-processed foods are considered risk factors for FGID. In addition, a violation of the diet, the use of cold dishes also contribute to the occurrence of dysfunctions of the gastrointestinal tract. An important aspect of studying risk factors for FGID is the level of physical activity of children, as well as their nutritional status. Functional gastrointestinal disorders are conditions characterized by recurrent abdominal pain not explained by structural or biochemical disorders. The interest in functional pathology is quite justified and understandable: despite the fact that functional diseases of the gastrointestinal tract do not pose an immediate threat to the patient's life, they significantly reduce its quality: they affect all segments of society, regardless of socioeconomic status, gender or race, violate the microclimate in the family, which leads to anxiety of the child and parents, form long-term consequences in the future, contribute to a long diagnostic search, repeated consultations, unjustified appointments and expenses. Such a subject of discussion cannot remain without research interest due to the fact that the identification of the main risk factors for FGID will prevent their development, improve the quality of life, reduce the time and cost of examining a patient, and optimize therapy. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
The prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) in children ranges from 19% to 40%, depending on age. The combination of functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is detected in 15-44.6% of patients with FGID. Their course is characterized by more pronounced clinical symptoms: abdominal pain, which is combined with flatulence, nausea, difficulty in defecation or diarrhea, impaired stool consistency, feeling of incomplete bowel movement and deterioration in quality of life. Purpose - to assess the quality of life in children with a combination of FD and IBS to optimize therapy. Materials and methods. The study included 44 children with a combination FD and IBS aged 6 to 18 years (the main group). The control group consisted of 30 practically healthy children of the same age. Diagnoses of FD and IBS were made on the basis of clinical symptoms according to the Rome criteria IV (2016). A survey of children and their parents was conducted using the international questionnaire PedsQL™ 4.0 (Pediatrics Quality of Life Inventory), which is one of the most popular questionnaires in the world, has proven to be a simple, reliable, sensitive method for studying the quality of life of healthy and sick children of different ages (2-17 years). The questionnaire has general scales, but there is a separate version of the PedsQL™4.0 Generic Core Scales, which describes physical, emotional, social, and role functioning. Results. It was established that indicators of physical, emotional, social and school functioning and, as a result, indicators of psychosocial functioning and the overall quality of life assessment are significantly reduced in children with combined FD and IBS compared to the control group. Conclusions. Quality of life studies are an important component of a comprehensive assessment of the overall condition of a child with comorbid FD and IBS to prevent the development of these disorders, to improve quality of life, to reduce the time and cost of assessment, and to optimize therapy. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The Local Ethic Committee of the institution specified in the work adopted the study protocol. Informed consent of the children’s parents was obtained for the research. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
Nutrition is one of the important risk factors for the occurrence of functional gastrointestinal disorders in children (FGID). Objective — to study the nutrition violations in children with FGID. Materials and methods. Observation involved 110 children with FGID aged 6 to 18 years. The patients were divided into two groups: I study group included 44 children with an overlap of functions dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The II study group consisted of 66 pediatric patients with FD. The control group consisted of 30 healthy children. The diagnosis of functional dyspepsia and IBS was established based on the clinical symptoms according to the Rome IV criteria (2016). To detect violations in the nutritional regimen and food preferences of schoolchildren, a questionnaire survey was performed with the use of the Youth Adolescent Food Frequency Questionnaire, adapted to the model of children’s nutrition in Ukraine. Results. The frequency of violations in the nutritional regimen, such as refusal of breakfast or a full lunch at school, reducing the daily frequency of meals, was higher in children with FGID than in healthy children. The violations of nutrition in children with overlapping FD and IBS was observed more often than in children with FD. The frequency of consumption of vegetables, cereals and grains was lower in children with FGID, and the consumption of meat, sausages and confectionery, fast food, chips, nuts and seeds, energetics and sweet carbonated beverages was higher than in healthy children. In children with overlapping FD and IBS, the frequency of consumption of vegetables, cereals and grains is lower, and the consumption of confectionery, fast food, energetics, and sweet carbonated drinks was higher than in children with FD. Conclusions. Violations of the regimen and quality of nutrition is a risk factor for the formation of FGIR in children and should be considered in the treatment.
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