During seed extraction in fleshy fruits, some procedures are necessary to ensure seed quality and minimize deterioration and microorganism activity; also seeds extracted under moist conditions need special care when drying. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological quality of eggplant seeds submitted to different extraction and drying methods. In the first study, whole eggplant fruits were mechanically crushed and then fermented for 0, 24 and 48 hours, with and without applying hydrochloric acid during seed extraction. In the second study, seeds were extracted in a pepper peeler and then immediately washed in water and submitted to the following drying methods: Sun/24 h; Sun/48 h; 32 °C/24 h; 32 °C/48 h; 38 °C/24 h; 38 °C/48 h; Sun/24 h + 32 °C/24 h; Sun/24 h + 38 °C/24 h e 32 °C/24 h + 38 °C/24 h. The treatment efficiency of both experiments was evaluated from the following tests: seed weight, germination, first count, accelerated aging and seedling emergence. The results suggest that fermentation and applying hydrochloric acid to pulp/seed reduce the physiological seed quality. All drying methods reduced the seed moisture content permitting adequate storage and maintenance of seed physiological quality.
This study aimed to test methodologies to evaluate the pollen viability of eggplant. The pollen germination was tested in vitro, incubating the pollen during 0.5 and 16 hours in different sucrose concentrations (0; 2.5; 5.0; 7.5 and 10.0 g L -1 ). For the in vivo germination test, the pollen was placed during 4 and 24 hours in the flower stigma and after that stained with aniline blue and evaluated in an ultraviolet light microscope. The viability of the pollen grains was also evaluated in tetrazolium solutions (at the concentrations of 1%; 0.75% and 0.5%) and the staining was evaluated after 24 hours. The highest in vitro pollen germination was 10.8%, showing the necessity for a better calibration of the culture medium. The in vivo pollen germination was 66%, showing that this is an adequate methodology to estimate pollen viability in eggplant. The methodologies involving tetrazolium solution weren't efficient to estimate pollen viability evaluation, because of the deficient pollen staining.
RESUMO -A alta demanda por sementes híbridas tem estimulado pesquisas que asseguram a oferta destas, como é o caso da manipulação de grãos de pólen. Assim, em estudo conduzido na Embrapa Hortaliças, no ano de 2006, objetivou-se determinar a tolerância à dessecação dos grãos de pólen berinjela 'Ciça'. Para isso foi utilizado pólen fresco (testemunha) e pólen seco em recipiente de alumínio fechado com 300 gramas de sílica gel e em dessecador, ambos por períodos de 24 e 48 horas em ambiente de laboratório. Os respectivos grãos de pólen foram os polinizadores da linhagem feminina. Foi avaliado o pegamento de fruto, a produção e a qualidade fisiológica de sementes através de: massa de 100 sementes, teste de primeira contagem, germinação, emergência de plântulas e envelhecimento acelerado. Concluiu-se que grãos de pólen toleram dessecação até 4,7% de umidade e com teores de água entre 4,7% a 47,2% proporcionam boa produção de sementes sem afetar sua qualidade fisiológica.Termos para indexação: Solanum melongena, produção de sementes, qualidade fisiológica. DESICCATION TOLERANCE OF EGGPLANT POLLENABSTRACT -The high demand for hybrid seeds has stimulated research to assure their supply and this includes pollen grain manipulation. The object of a study at the Embrapa Vegetable Institute in 2006 was to determine the tolerance of eggplant pollen grains of the 'Cica' variety to desiccation. Fresh pollen (control) and dry pollen were placed in closed aluminum containers with silica-gel and also in a laboratory desiccator for 24 and 48 hours. The pollen grains were used to pollinate female plants and the fruit set, production and physiological seed quality were measured from the first count test of a 100 seeds, including germination, seedling emergence and accelerated ageing. The results demonstrated that pollen tolerates desiccation up to 4.7% moisture content. Pollen grains with moisture content ranging between 4.7% and 47.2% gave good seed production without any affect on their physiological quality.Index terms: Solanum melongena, seed production, seed physiological quality. INTRODUÇÃOConhecer a capacidade germinativa (viabilidade) dos grãos de pólen do progenitor masculino em espécies vegetais é fundamental no processo de hibridação artificial. A planta quando bem manejada apresenta pólen com alta capacidade germinativa. Este pólen pode ser utilizado tanto em sistema de conservação de germoplasma, da mesma forma em que se utilizam sementes e partes vegetativas (Yates e Sparks, 1990), como em programas de melhoramento genético e produção de sementes com a utilização da hibridação artificial.No caso da cultura da berinjela, a hibridação artificial tem sido bastante importante para o mercado brasileiro, sendo que atualmente os híbridos de berinjela são os mais cultivados, pois além da heterose, apresentam grande produtividade, qualidade superior, uniformidade das plantas e frutos, maior precocidade e maior adaptação a diferentes condições edafoclimáticas (Ribeiro et al., 1998).A preservação da viabilidade dos grãos de pólen...
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