Au Burkina Faso, les populations rurales dépendent fortement des ressources végétales ligneuses pour la satisfaction de leurs besoins quotidiens. Dans un contexte de pression anthropique croissante, l'évaluation de la vulnérabilité des espèces s'avère un impératif majeur pour permettre la préservation et la gestion durable de ces ressources. Pour ce faire, des enquêtes semi-structurées ont été menées chez les Sénoufo, un des groupes ethniques dominants du Sud-Ouest du Burkina Faso. La vulnérabilité des espèces citées par les personnes enquêtées a été évaluée sur la base d'un indice de vulnérabilité (Iv) établi à partir de six paramètres. Au total, 73 espèces ont été citées pour lesquelles l'artisanat, le bois de feu et la construction se révèlent être les principales causes de vulnérabilité. Certains aspects des croyances traditionnelles s'avèrent cependant favorables à la conservation des ressources végétales ; ainsi, par exemple, certaines espèces sont interdites à la combustion. Cette étude montre que la combinaison des inventaires de terrain et des enquêtes ethnobotaniques est indispensable comme approche fiable pour l'identification des espèces menacées.
Cattle production is an essential livelihood strategy in southwestern Burkina Faso. Although having a distinct cultural role and known to be resistant against African animal trypanosomosis, the Lobi taurine cattle breed is endangered due to its low market value. As the first step in preservation efforts, our study aimed to develop a typology of production systems at the farm level. We used a structured questionnaire and focus group discussions for collecting data on household characteristics, socioeconomic activities, livestock, and access to services. The sample comprised 169 households in three communities. The analytical strategy included factor analysis of mixed data and hierarchical clustering. We identified four distinct types of cattle production systems: (1) sedentary Lobi farms, (2) sedentary crossbreed farms, (3) semi-transhumant Fulani zebu farms, and (4) transhumant Fulani zebu farms. Significant factors in developing this typology were the farmers' ethnic group, crop diversity, cattle herd size, cattle herd composition, number of small ruminants, and livestock management strategies. Across all production systems, men were considered being primary decision-makers in cattle production, with women, herders, and children being responsible for specific tasks. All identified production systems are increasingly confronting disease pressure and scarcity of water and land. Future efforts in preservation and breeding will need to respond to these trends in the agroecosystem, integrate risk management measures, and resonate with the specific needs of the different household members involved in cattle rearing.
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