Deformation measurements are performed periodically to prevent death and injuries in case of the damage or collapse of manmade structures such as dams, tunnels, bridges, high‐rise buildings, and other natural landslide regions. Deformations and displacements in such structures can occur if structures are not built on solid ground and they are subjected to huge static loadings, which causes hazardous shaking due to the motion of the ground beneath. To reduce losses, it is very important to make continuous observations using various measurement methods to detect changes and to analyze the scales of these changes using various analysis techniques. The aim of this study is to determine the behavior of a steel arch bridge under a static load by measuring and analyzing potential deformations and displacements using four different measurement methods. The graphs depicting the result of each measurement method show that the results of the four different measurement methods coincide with each other.
The results of deformation measurements are related to direct safety of engineering structures and human life. To avoid a wrong interpretation of displacements, an appropriate deformation monitoring network must be established and the data obtained from deformation monitoring network must be carefully evaluated. Deformation measurements and analysis require the use of very accurate surveying equipment and analysis methods. The Global Positioning System (GPS) meets the requirements stated above and therefore GPS receivers were used for this research. The purpose of this work was to monitor and analyze the deformation at the crest of the Altýnkaya dam caused by the water load at different water levels combined with the dam's weight. The secondary goal was to determine whether GPS measurements could meet the accuracy requirements for dam deformation measurements. As working area the Altýnkaya dam is selected it is rockfill. In order to monitor and examine the deformation, a monitoring network consisting of 6 reference points and 11 object points was established. Measurements were made 4 times over 2 years using dual frequency GPS receivers with static methods. The measurements were performed and point coordinates have been determined. Then differences were calculated between periods and analyzed by iterative weighted transformation and Least Absolute Sum methods to determine the points stability.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of the multivariable grey prediction model in deformation forecasting.
Design/methodology/approach
Deformation in a dam can be seen because of many factors but without any doubt, the most influential factor is the water level. In this study, the deformation level of a point in the Keban Dam crest has been tried to be forecasted depending on the water level by the multivariable grey model GM(1,N). Regression analysis was used to test the accuracy of the prediction results obtained using the grey prediction model.
Findings
The results show that there is a great consistency between the grey prediction values and the actual values, and that the GM(1,N) produces more reliable results than the regression analysis. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the GM(1,N) is a very reliable estimation model for limited data conditions.
Originality/value
Different from the other studies in the literature, this study investigates deformation in a dam subject to the water level in the dam reservoir. The main contribution of the study to the literature is to suggest a relatively new procedure for estimating the deformation in the dams based on the water level.
This paper describes derivation of the curvature change for the transition curve in a 2 nd degree increasing concave formulation. The investigation of the usability of the developed transition curve in new designs and rehabilitation of existing roads are also included in this study. New transition curves are compared with the most used transition curves (clothoid, sinusoidal and bloss) in highways, and it has been targeted to indicate whether it is the most economic and comfortable one or not.
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