The development of Indonesian libraries was related to the effects of Dutch colonialism and the changing economic policies of the administration. Special libraries arose during the nineteenth century, especially agricultural and botanical, followed by village and school libraries. The Dutch influence came to a sudden end with the Japanese occupation. This paper was presented at the Library History Group's ‘Libraries and Modernity’ conference held as part of the Library Association's UmbrelLA4 meeting at UMIST, Manchester, in June I997.
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