Isolated cell walls of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae were treated by either chemical (alkali and acid) or enzymatic (protease, mannanase or beta-glucuronidase) processes to yield partially purified products. These products were partially characterized by infrared analysis. They were subsequently reacted with heavy metal cation solutions and the quantity of metal accumulated by the cell wall material determined. The Cu(2+) ion (0.24, 0.36, 1.12, and 0.60 micromol/mg) was accumulated to a greater extent than either Co(2+) (0.13, 0.32, 0.43, and 0.32 micromol/mg) or Cd(2+) (0.17, 0.34, 0.39, and 0.32 micromol/mg) by yeast cell walls, glucan, mannan, and chitin, respectively The isolated components each accumulated greater quantities of the cations than the intact cell wall. Removal of the protein component of the yeast cell walls by Pronase caused a 29.5% decrease in metal accumulation by yeast cell walls per mass, indicating the protein is a heavy metal accumulating component. The data indicate that the outer mannan-protein layer of the yeast cell wall is more important than the inner glucan-chitin layer in heavy metal action accumulation.
The surface tension of molten LDPE can be determined with the help of the pendent drop method, depending on the temperature and on the surfactant added. The critical micelle concentration was reached on addition of 1% of the surfactant. A four‐component mixture consisting of HDPE, LDPE, PVC, and PS, whose composition corresponded to that of collected waste plastics, was used to study the effects of the addition of surfactants on the applicational properties.
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