Soil water content models have huge applications from an agronomic point of view and they are usually used as a sub-model for weather and climate modelling. They are also useful tools for efficient water management irrigation practices. The aim of this investigation is to evaluate the performance of two different parameterizations of evapotranspiration when applied to a soil water balance model. Experimental data of a maize crop is used to evaluate model accuracy. The first methodology proposes a parallel resistance arrangement to represent the latent heat fluxes of the soil surface and the leaves in the canopy layer considering the leaf area index (LAI). The second methodology uses the parameterization proposed by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), based on the crop coefficient (K c ) and the potential evapotranspiration obtained from the Penman-Monteith equation. The crop was divided into five plots with different irrigation systems according to their phenological stages. The model suitably predicts daily soil water content in five different irrigation systems. Predictions of soil water content using the LAI or K c methodology tend to overestimate observations. In addition, the model has better predictions using the LAI methodology than the K c methodology. The root mean square error and the determination coefficient were 0.059 and 0.92, respectively, with the LAI methodology and 0.063 and 0.87, respectively, using the K c methodology.
The relationship between daily precipitation and unusually persistent easterly wind recorded at station level along the coast of Eastern Patagonia is examined. Easterly wind events that persist for more than 20 h (E) are infrequent in Comodoro Rivadavia (CMR); but in about 80% of the times they do occur daily precipitation exceeds 1 mm. Although 2‐day persistent easterlies (2E) occur only about 1% of the time in CMR they are associated with 20% of the >75% percentile rain events. The occurrence of precipitation days (P ≥ 1 mm) during 2E events (P1&2E) is far from randomness for most stations. For daily P1&2E events in CMR, the convergence of westward moisture flux from the Atlantic is the key. Its daily frequency shifts towards Niño (44%), followed by Neutral 35 (32%), and Niña (25%) conditions. The probability of null precipitation days with westerlies was higher than 95% on average among the stations. The tropospheric circulation anomalous conditions associated with P1&2E events are characterized by a blocking‐like flow along 80–90°W, with anticyclonic anomalies near 60°–70°S and cyclonic anomalies in the mid‐latitudes. The strength of the anomalies is given by the meridional gradient of tropospheric circulation anomalies, stronger during the Niño phase. A P1&2E event at CMR is linked to active slow‐moving weather systems linked to tropospheric Rossby waves triggered by upper‐level tropospheric mass divergence anomalies in low latitudes. The source and trajectory these Rossby waves are different through ENSO phases. We have found that heavy precipitation over subtropical eastern Argentina during Niño precede CMR P1&2E events by 10 to 8 days. Daily P1&2E events contribute substantially to the mean precipitation total from April to June. The differential influence of the ENSO phases through the seasons of year is evident in such a contribution.
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