The purpose of this study was to determine the location of valves and to assess valve abnormalities in veins removed for treatment of primary venous insufficiency and cadaver saphenous veins. Twenty-nine saphenous veins from lower extremities of adult cadavers and 39 greater saphenous veins obtained from patients undergoing surgery for primary venous insufficiency were examined. Extremities were chosen from cadavers with no signs of chronic venous insufficiency. All greater saphenous veins from patients were demonstrated to have reflux throughout the length of the greater saphenous vein from ankle to groin. The total number of valves in surgically removed saphenous veins and those in cadavers was similar—cadaver 8.82 ± 1.31, varicose 8.79 ± 1.67. Varicose saphenous veins had more abnormal valves (2.56 ±1.23 vs 1.51 ±1.18) and the cadaver saphenous veins had more well-preserved valves above the knee (4.45 ±1.27 vs 3.00 ±1.41). Varicose saphenous veins demonstrate fewer valves in total and more damaged veins in the above-knee segment than a comparable group of cadaver saphenous veins. The cadaver saphenous veins and varicose saphenous veins below the knee are similar with regard to total number of valves and total number of damaged valves.
Objective: To study whether experimental streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes results in structural alterations to the venous wall of the femoral vein in adult rats, in order to develop further studies using this model. Design: A prospective study of femoral veins obtained from controls and STZ-induced diabetes rats. Setting: Department of Morphology, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain. Interventions: Experimental diabetes induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Main outcome measures: The samples were studied at 6 and 12 weeks post-injection using light and transmission electron microscopy. Results: The results show that the venous wall is affected by an increase in the deposition of extracellular tissue. In addition the endothelial, muscular and adventitial cells show morphological changes. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate significant alterations in the venous wall due to hyperglycaemia in the STZ-animal model.
Objective: To measure the distribution of valves in the long saphenous vein. Design: Morphological study of the intervalvular distance of the long saphenous vein. Setting: Department of Morfología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud (Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain) and Academic Vascular Surgery Unit, St Mary's Hospital, London, UK. Material: Twenty lower extremities from adult cadavers with no evidence of lower limb venous disease. Methods: Anatomical dissection of the long saphenous vein, with accurate measurement of valve distribution. Results: There were on average 8.7 valves in the long saphenous vein, with 6.3 above the knee and 2.4 below the knee. Conclusion: Contrary to classical anatomical texts on this subject there are more valves in the long saphenous vein in the thigh than in the calf.
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