The major health problems found in 103 captive lesser anteaters (Tamandua tetradactyla) and giant anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla), family Myrmecophagidae, are presented and correlated with management. The most common of 200 recorded clinical disorders involved the digestive system (26%), nutritional deficiency (20%), injury (15.5%), respiratory system (10%), skin (7%) and circulatory system (4.5%), but 13% of the cases were inconclusive. Parasites were identified in 48.5% of faecal samples, mainly the eggs of nematodes (40%), of which the commonest were Trichuris spp (28%) and Strongyloides spp (11%); protozoa (16%), of which the commonest were Eimeria spp (10%), Entamoeba spp (5%) and Giardia spp (1%); and cestodes (8%) and acanthocephalids (1%). Bacteria cultured from the various materials included Salmonella enteritidis, S. cholerasuis, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Streptococcus spp and Staphylococcus spp. The ectoparasites found were Amblyomma spp and Otodectis spp (Arthropoda, Acaridae).
The aim of this investigation was to study epidemiological aspects of paracoccidioidomycosis, the main endemic systemic mycosis in Brazil. This study was carried out using the paracoccidioidin delayed hypersensitivity test in 96 Latin American wild mammals, including 49 arboreal animals (primates): 33 Cebus apella (weepingcapuchin), 16 Callithrixjacchus (marmoset); and 47 terrestrial animals (carnivora): 37 Nasua nasua (coatimundi), and 10 Felidae [Panthera onca (jaguar), Felis pardalis (ocelot), Fells wiedii (margay), Felis tigrina (wild cat) and Felis geoffroyi (wild cat)], taking their behaviour and habitat into consideration. When the levels of paracoccidioidin positive reactions were examined, terrestrial animals showed significantly higher rates (82'98%) while arboreal animals showed lower reactivity (22.45%) (P<0.01). The data are relevant because there are quite a few papers regarding domestic and wild animals and this study may help the understanding of some aspects of the parasite ecology. These results point to the soil as the most probable reservoir of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, and this is possibly the ecological niche of the saprophytic phase in nature.
Sporotrichosis and histoplasmosis are deep mycosis with a high incidence in human beings in Brazil. In domestic animals histoplasmosis has been described only in dogs, but the occurrence of sporotrichosis among domestic animals in Brazil has been described in dogs, cats, mules and asses. There is also a case of this disease reported in a chimpanzee (Pan troglodites). The purpose of this research was to perform an epidomiological study of these mycoses using delayed hypersensitivity tests (histoplasmin and sporotrichin) in Latin American wild mammals. This research was assayed using 96 healthy animals at Parque Zoológico de São Paulo, Brazil: Primates: 33 Cebus apella--weeping-capuchin and 16 Callithrix jacchus--marmoset; Procyonidae: 37 Nasua nasua--coatimundi and 10 Felidae (Panthera onca--jaguar; Felis pardalis--ocelot Felis wiedii--margay; Felis tigrina--wild cat). For intradermic tests, the following antigens were used: Sporothrix schenkii cell suspension (sporotrichin, histoplasmin-filtrate), Histoplasma capsulatum cell suspension (histoplasmin), and Histoplasma capsulatum (polysaccharide). The positivity to histoplasmin was 44.79% (Cebidae 15.15%; Callithricidae 6.25%; Procyonidae 86.49% and Felidae 50.00%, respectively). With respect to sporotrichin, 30.21% (Cebidae 6.06%, Callithricidae 0.0%; Procyonidae 64.86% and Felidae 30.00% respectively). The pattern of infection is similar to that shown by human beings and this may suggest that these animals could be involved in the epidemiologic chain of sporotrichosis and histoplasmosis, the second most prevalent human deep mycoses in Brazil. It is important to point out the absence of similar studies in Latin American wild animals.
t Summary -The malor health problems found in 113 armadillos are presented and correlated with management in captivity The most common of 217 recorded chnical disorders involved injury (28 5%), dlgesuve system (17 9./,), respiratory system (15 2%), nutriuonal deficiency (13 3%), skm problems (3 6%0), sepucaemia(1 8%j, nervous s)stcm (1 W o j , urinary system (0 9Ynj and effectc of environmental (0 90/0), with 14 7% of the cases inconclusive Internal parasites were idenufied in 420Yn of faeces samples, manly eggs of helminths (66 6%1), of which the commonest were Anyvlostoma sp (33 3%), Ytrongylozder sp (30 5%), Ascans \p (25 O%), Tnchuns sp (1 1 l%), and also protozoa (13 0"h) Enterobacteriaceae were the bacteria most trequently isolated, with I: rchenchza coh the most prevalent, followed by Suhonella sp and I:nterobactt.r aeragenes The mo5t successful treatments are listed The influence of some capuve factors on the onset of the diseases was also analysed donated animals 91 1 O h and zoo born 8 8%, yuaranune enclosure 84 0% and exhibition 15 On/o, and related to ume in capuvity, 92 2% occurred with animals in the first 6 months in the LOO and 7 8% with animals more than 6 months
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.