[1] We present a new experiment on the detection of thunderstorm neutrons at orbital altitudes. The aims of the experiment called "Scafandr" are to establish the nature of the neutrons and to explore their properties. Also, the dosimetric measurement program is included in the experiment mission. For the neutron program, measurement of the thermal neutron fluxes from an altitude of 350 km down to 200 km is planned. We plan to obtain substantial statistics and resolution of neutron bursts. This will allow for mapping of the neutrons' distribution on the considered altitudes for their comparison with the thunderstorm activity maps and for comparison with the results of neutron burst numerical modeling. Previous experiments carried out are discussed, and their comparative analysis with the presented one is given.
Приведен результат анализа экспериментальных данных по потокам тепловых нейтронов, полученных на борту орбитального комплекса «Мир» (1991 г.) и ИСЗ «Колибри» (2002 г.) на высоте 400 км. Получено, что распределение приэкваториальных потоков нейтронов имеет долготную зависимость. Повышенные фоновые значения потоков нейтронов с энергией 0.25 эВ-1.9 МэВ, так и отдельные всплески нейтронов с энергией 0.1-1.0 МэВ наблюдаются преимущественно в двух секторах: Тихоокеанском и Африканском. В качестве возможного источника наблюдаемых вблизи экватора явлений рассматриваются грозы.
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