We described HIV incidence and mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) among women during pregnancy and lactation. Forty-eight (3.4%) of 1396 women seroconverted during pregnancy or <12 mo after delivery. This group of HIV-exposed children was at 2.3 times higher risk of infection (MTCT 20.5% [8 of 39] vs 9.0% (83 of 925]). An estimated 20% with CD4+ cell counts <350 would have been eligible for antiretroviral therapy (ART), yet all women with incident HIV infections are more likely to transmit HIV to their children. To ensure optimal prevention of MTCT, all women who seroconvert during pregnancy or lactation should be considered for ART for the purpose of prevention of MTCT, and women with CD4+ <350 should continue to receive ART.
Background: Yoga is an ancient Indian Philosophy. Recent interest in Yoga is due to its beneficial effects on the various systems of the body. Yogic exercises when practiced regularly have shown to improve health and well being. Pranayama involves mainly breathing control exercises therefore we decided to find beneficial effects of Pranayama on pulmonary function tests. Methods: The present study was conducted in Department of Physiology Osmania Medical College Hyderabad. Healthy male individuals n=50 were selected and divided into two groups randomly (Group I-after 9 weeks of regular yogic training, Group II (Control)-normal individuals. Pulmonary function tests such as Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR), Forced Expiratory Flow (FEF 25-75% ) and Maximum Voulntary Ventilation (MVV) were recorded with Medspiror. Results: FVC, PEFR and MVV were 74.04%, 78.8%, 78.6% respectively in control group while the values in study group were 81.21%, 97.1%, 97.42% respectively. 'P' values were significant for PEFR and MVV. Conclusion: Pranayama training helps in improvement of Respiratory function after regular training. This may be due to beneficial effect of Pranayama on respiratory system. Yoga has beneficial effects on respiratory and cardiovascular systems when practiced regularly.
Background: SKT1, 3 and 7 are group of innovation meditation exercise of Mahidol University, Thailand, were found by Somporn KT. Three modalities were transferred to HIV/AIDs clients since 2010. A former study was presented in 15th ICID Bangkok and supported as evidence of the new tudy. This study aimed to measure the effectiveness of the innovation to increase Quality of life and Quality of Work life among HIV/AIDs patients at a hospital. Thirty HIV/AIDS unemployed patients with CD4 lower tha 250 cells for the 3 last laboratory testing were recruited. Innovations were trained and did follow up every month. Results showed that all of participants have a higher quality of life and quality of work life significantly. They all went back to work as informal workers or formal workers and have an improvement of CD4 t cells, Liver function test, CBC data, hormones, and Opportunistic infections.Methods & Materials: Design: Mixed Method Research Design Participants: Thirty HIV/AIDS patients with unemployment, CD4 decreased for 3 times of the last laboratory testing, lower platelet, lower scale of quality of life, body weight decreased, and lower uncertainty index of illness.Messure: Quality of life Index, Uncertainty index, Background, and Laboratory markers were measured.Analysis: Descritive and analytical statistics were use to answer the objective as quantitative results. Focus group was applied to get a qualitative data.Results: The disclosure interviewed outcomes showed that the PLHAs had good work life abilities before getting HIV infection and were employed (88.2%). The quality of work life and ability were changed after getting diagnosed as HIV infected person. They were decreased employment (31.7%), looked for a new job (46.3%) and unemployed and others (23.0%). They major barriers were unable to work (68.8%), rejected from the company's owner (10.3%), needed more money to buy food (20.9%), and had a lower salary (< 10,000 Thai baht per month). After practicing the SKTs Meditation exercise for 6 months, they showed an improvement of the quality of work life (100.0%), improvement of health (92.9%), increased CD4 t cells level (95.2%), improvement of quality of life and went back to work (66.7%).Conclusion: SKTs meditation exercise should be a tool to improve quality of work life among PLHAs.
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