This paper summarizes the output from a long-term project commenced in 1980 with the objective of providing reliable knowledge of the mechanical properties of nailed or bolted joints subjected to short-term lateral loadings. Motivation was the development on an international basis of probability-based partial coefficients limit states design codes for structural timberwork. Comparisons are presented between design solutions produced by applying this research and those by the use of contemporary "soft conversion" international partial coefficients limit states design codes that were calibrated from previously available data. Differences relate primarily to design of bolted joints. It is shown that there is an established acceptance in Canada of the approach adopted. Key words: wood, joints, nails, bolts, design.
A study is described, carried out on specially prepared specimens, that specifically examines the effect of slope of grain on the bending strength of scaffold boards. Each specimen was visually graded and both the modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity in bending determined. From the effect of slope of grain on the reduction of bending strength revised visual grading rules have been suggested that include a slope of grain limit of 1 in 12. It has also been demonstrated that machine grading is as effective at determining the adverse effect of slope of grain on board strength as it is for other defects such as high rate of growth and knots
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