The present study was a replication of the research of Reason et al. (1990). Its aim was to confirm the distinction between driving errors and violations in a Western Australian driving population. Sixty-one male drivers and 74 female drivers completed a questionnaire containing items on driver demographics, driving penalties incurred, driving convictions and accident history and driver behavioral aberrations drawn from the Driver Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ). In agreement with Reason et al. factor analysis revealed three factors; in the present study these were general errors, dangerous errors, and dangerous violations. Young drivers committed more dangerous errors and dangerous violations than older drivers. Females reported more dangerous errors than males. Males reported more dangerous violations than females. Drivers who reported a high level of road exposure and those who reported having been convicted for speeding reported more dangerous violations. Differences in the results of the two studies can largely by accounted for by differences in the representation of age and gender in the two populations studied.
Noninterference tests and 2 versions of the Stroop color interference test were used to test 5s in loud noise and quiet. Interference and noninterference tests were performed during the first and last 10 min. of a 30-min. exposure to noise and quiet. Interference in noise and quiet was measured by taking the difference between performance on interference and noninterference tests. The 5s in Experiment I who were tested at both exposure durations showed increased interference in noise. In Experiment II, exposure duration and practice were assessed independently. The brief exposure to noise was beneficial and decreased interference, and the long exposure increased interference, suggesting a cumulative adverse effect of noise.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.