Background: Fruit rot is an age old destructive disease of chilli caused by complex fungal pathogens resulting in severe yield losses both at pre and post-harvest stages. Hence, this study aims to investigate the occurrence of fruit rot disease in Tamil Nadu and to identify the fungal pathogens associated with fruit rot symptoms based on morpho-molecular characters. Methods: Roving survey was conducted in various districts of Tamil Nadu to determine the prevalence of fruit rot disease and to ascertain its causative agents. The pathogens were identified based on the conidial morphology, cultural characteristics and further confirmed by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using ITS 1 and ITS 4 primers. Result: Maximum disease severity was documented in Dharmapuri followed by Namakkal and lowest in Nagapattinam district. Ten isolates representing two genera viz., Colletotrichum and Fusarium were recovered from fruit rot infected chilli fruits and validated by pathogenicity test. Based on the morpho-cultural characters, 2 isolates were identified as Fusarium sp., with oval/ellipsoidal microconidia and straight/curved macroconidia, 6 isolates as Colletotrichum scovillei with fusiform conidia and 2 isolates as Colletotrichum truncatum with falcate conidia. The virulent isolates were further confirmed as C. scovillei based on PCR amplification of ITS region of genomic DNA.
Grafting in brinjal is an alternative technology for chemical treatments to control soilborne pathogens with minimum impact on product quality and environment. The present study was carried out to determine the graft compatibility of brinjal scions (Dhruva and CO 2) with five wild Solanum rootstocks and their growth performance in open field condition. The cleft grafting method was adopted in this study. The non-grafted plants were used as control under open field condition. Solanum torvum recorded less number of days for graft union with Dhruva (10.36) and CO 2 (10.54) followed by Solanum capsicoides and Solanum chrysotrichum. The results on grafting success at 30 days after grating revealed that the highest success percentage was observed in Dhruva (83.42%) and CO 2 (82.08%) grafted with Solanum torvum rootstock followed by Solanum capsicoides and Solanum chrysotrichum. The field survival rate was higher in Dhruva (88.75%) and CO 2 (85.20%) grafted onto Solanum trovum followed by Solanum capsicoides and Solanum chrysotrichum. Dhruva (90.52cm, 9.15) and CO 2 (80.17cm, 7.29) grafted onto Solanum torvum recorded maximum plant height and more number of primary branches per plant respectively followed by Solanum chrysotrichum. Though Solanum capsicoides performed well throughout the grafting process their growth performance was poor in open field condition. Hence Solanum torvum followed by Solanum chrysotrichum could be used as compatible rootstock for grafting with brinjal scions.
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