Abstract.A two-dimensional model of Fredericks effect was used for the investigation of the static electric field influence on nematic liquid crystal director orientation in the side-electrode cell. The solutions of the equations describing the model were obtained by finite-difference methods. Fredericks transition threshold for the central part of the cell, as well as dependencies of the distribution of the director orientation patterns on the electric field and location, were obtained. The numerical results are found to agree qualitatively with the experiment. Further investigations are needed to elucidate completely the Fredericks effect.
We have analysed the momentum spectra of the secondary particles in pp interactions predicted by different models, comparing them with accelerator data from 19.7 GeV to 1.8 TeV (CMS). All models predicting asymptotic behaviour of secondary spectra with Feynman scaling in the fragmentation region lead to a rather slow increase of multiplicity in contradiction to the accelerator data. It is shown that the pure phenomenological model, which is based on the semi-inclusive spectra from ISR and FNAL collider experiments at 19.7 GeV, and extrapolated to higher energies by assuming violated Feynman scaling in the entire phase space, describes the data well in the whole accelerator range. This model is also relevant for application in the study of cosmic rays at high energies.
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