The dynamics and characteristics of population patterns in the vegetation succession process are rarely explored. Scale, pattern and process of ecological succession are three intertwined concepts in modern ecology. Succession research will inevitably involve scale and pattern analyses. Species spatial patterns and interspecific associations at any scale can be analyzed based on point pattern analysis with spatial mapped points of individuals忆 distribution. Therefore, it is suitable to discuss the relationships between species pattern in the vegetation succession process which have attracted much attention from ecologists. The aim of the present work is to study the spatial pattern formation and relative importance of intra and interspecific competition in dominant tree species of cold temperate coniferous forest in the vegetation succession process in the Pangquangou Nature Reserve. The selected forest communities were treated as a time series of successional stages for the traditional space鄄for鄄time succession approach by applying the point pattern analysis.
This work aims to study the development of the pericarp of the fruit of Elaeis guineensis Jacq. var. dura. The thickness, the water and the oil contents of its tissues are evaluated every two weeks, from pollination to the maturity of the fruit. The development of the oil palm fruit takes 5.5 months. The endocarp reaches its maximum thickness at the 70th DPP (day post-pollination), with a water content of 72%. It then starts its dehydration, while sclerifying. It therefore isolates the seed at start and later protects it. The mesocarp is visible at anthesis and its water content is close to 92%. From the 100th DPP, it begins a continuous dehydration associated, from the 130th DPP, with an active lipids biosynthesis. Ultimately, the pericarp of the oil palm fruit fulfills both functions, namely to protect the seed by early sclerification of the endocarp and ensure the dissemination of the species by the high oil content of the mesocarp. A comparative anatomy of the pericarp tissues of the three genotypes of E. guineensis Jacq., during the first three weeks of fruit development, will enhance the understanding of the primary effect of sh gene.
Effects of environmental factors on the spatial distribution of five Bupleurum genera were investigated. Eighty seven samples in total in four mountains were collected; 158, 116, 130 and 128 plant species were recorded in Guandi, Wutai, Xiao Wutai and Dongling mountains, respectively. This study has been focused on five particular species (Bupleurum bicaule Helm, Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willdenow, Bupleurum sibiricum Vest, Bupleurum smithii H.Wolff and Bupleurum chinense DC) not only because of their medicinal properties, but also because of the threat they are subject to. Relations between environmental variables and their influence on these species distribution were analyzed using CANOCO software correlation statistical analysis. The distribution of these five species was found to be differently influenced by environmental variables. However altitude and vegetation type appeared to be the variables which influenced the most Bupleurum distribution in the four surveyed mountains. Preservation of these areas from human disturbance or nevertheless activity controlled by the establishment and strengthening of protected areas could be a solution for a sustainable management.
Bupleurum species are widely distributed in China and its diversity is of a potential commercial incomes. In this study, five species of the genus Bupleurum were collected in four mountains in North China areas. The saikosaponins a and d (SSa and SSd) roots concentration were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the results revealed that B. smithii, B. sibiricum and B. scorzonerifolium might be of great interest because of their high SSd content in which the-OH of C-23 is involved in their bioactivity. This study, besides being helpful for medicine quality control, provides an insight of the importance saikosaponins. Especially, SSd might play in the discovery of new drugs against bacterial or viral diseases such as HIV.
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