The extraction of oil from canola seeds using supercritical carbon dioxide was investigated. The basic equations which govern the oil extraction from a bed of seeds were derived from first principles. The equations can be solved by standard numerical techniques using experimentally determined parameters for the concentration of oil in the solvent in equilibrium with seeds having a known oil content. Preliminary extraction rate data and equilibrium data are given for crushed canola seed during extraction using supercritical carbon dioxide at select temperatures and pressures. The research is directed at obtaining the basic information required for the design of continuous countercurrent extractors.
Bright fi eld transmitted light microscopy (BFTLM), differential interference contrast light microscopy (DICLM), conventional scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and low-vacuum scanning electron microscopy (LV-SEM) were used to observe microperforations in plastic fi lm used for modifi ed atmosphere packaging. Characteristics of the microperforations, including size, shape and obstructions are indicators of consistency and reproducibility of the process used to produce the microperforations. In addition, the microperforations appeared differently on the upper and lower surfaces of the plastic fi lms, including a local thickening at the site of the microperforation and size of the opening. Microperforations in the range of 30 to 100 mm in diameter exhibited a linear increase of both O 2 and CO 2 transmission rates with hole area, for diffusion under calm conditions. Further testing indicated that microperforations larger than 55 mm in diameter can lose their diffusion constant if convection is present. Holes with a diameter less than 55 mm should therefore be used to achieve the required oxygen transmission rates (OTR).
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.