This article provides a perspective review of low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells research and development.

Ni-Fe nanoparticles are observed to exsolve from Ni-substituted Sr 0.95 (Ti 0.3 Fe 0.63 Ni 0.07 )O 3Àd anode. The exsolved nanoparticles act to enhance hydrogen dissociative adsorption, yielding much lower anode polarization resistance and higher cell performance, especially under low pH 2 and temperatures, which is comparable with the current Ni-based cermets.

The high temperature crystal chemistry and oxygen permeation properties of the cation-ordered LnBaCo2normalO5+δ perovskite oxides [lanthanide (Ln)=Pr , Nd, and Sm] have been investigated in comparison with the cation-disordered La0.5Ba0.5CoO3−δ perovskite. The LnBaCo2normalO5+δ ( Ln=Pr , Nd, and Sm) oxides exhibit a metal-insulator transition at T<200°C , as evidenced by total conductivity measurements and high temperature X-ray diffraction data and an oxygen vacancy order–disorder transition at T350°C in air, as evidenced by an orthorhombic to tetragonal transition. At a given temperature, the oxygen permeation flux decreases from Ln=La to Nd to Sm due to the changes in crystal symmetry and lattice strain. The oxygen permeation mechanism in the Ln=Nd is bulk-diffusion-limited rather than surface-exchange-limited for membrane thickness L≥1.1mm .

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