The Kharkiv agglomeration has its own peculiarities of urbanization processes, which is characterized by suburbanization processes, which have various manifestations within its boundaries, and in the eastern part it has atypical features for other territories – the formation of a new settlement. Keywords: agglomeration, urbanization, suburbanization, urban planning, territory of the city.
A modern cadastral system should include a legal, technical and economic component. The legal component determines information about owners and users taking into account the historical aspect of registration of property rights, the technical component should include data on the location of the land plot, its quantitative and qualitative indicators, and the economic component, in turn, forms an idea of the ways of using this land plot and its value. There are various types of land cadastral systems, which differ in their structure and functionality, so the study of their main characteristics is an urgent issue today. The purpose of this article is to determine the main characteristics and features of cadastral systems with the aim of improving the State Land Cadastre of Ukraine. Modern cadastral systems of the world are organized mainly by the land registration component. According to this feature, two main systems of securing rights to land ownership or real estate are distinguished: "Agreement system" and "Title system". The difference between the two concepts is related to the cultural development and judicial system of the country and is whether only the transaction is registered (deal system) or the title itself is registered and protected (title system). А comparative analysis of the developed and reliable European cadastral systems of Austria, Germany, Switzerland and France was performed. It was established that all considered cadastral systems have the same characteristics, such as: completeness and accuracy of geodata – presented in the form of a detailed cadastral map; accessibility and ease of use – access to cadastral systems is free and available to citizens; security level – modern technologies are used to protect data, including encryption and authentication of users; regularity of updates – usually once a year, and distinctive features, namely: variety of functions that they solve; various data collection systems are used; different level of integration with other systems. Keywords: cadastral system, state land cadastre, geospatial data, land plot, geoportal.
Cadastral systems are most often a geo-information system that ensures the accumulation and storage of typical information, for example, the state land cadastre is a single state geo-information system of information about lands located within the state border of Ukraine, their purpose, restrictions on their use, as well as data on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of lands, their assessment, on the distribution of lands between owners and users, on land reclamation networks and constituent parts of land reclamation networks But the use of standard cadastres does not allow solving a wide range of complex tasks related to information about land, real estate, water resources, etc., therefore, it conditions the development of conceptual provisions for the creation of an integrated intelligent cadastral system. Modern cadastres solve a narrow range of typical tasks, mainly providing the user with up-to-date information for solving private typical tasks. An attempt to integrate separate cadastral systems and the development of special programs that support decision-making by users (stakeholders) in various spheres of human activity will lead to a synergistic effect and the creation of collective artificial intelligence. This work formulates the problem of creating an information management system based on the methods of geomatics, as well as the methods and concepts of V. I. Vernadskyi's teaching. In our opinion, the weakening of the contradictions of the formulated problem lies in the way of creating a theoretical and methodological base, which should take into account the features of spatially distributed information modelling, as well as the creation of knowledge models in the field of geodesy and land management. The authors of this article are convinced that a new methodological paradigm of V. I. Vernadskyi's teaching is currently being formed. This belief is based on the great possibilities of modern information technologies, the development of modern geodetic instrumentation, as well as the results of modelling objects that require both high-precision measurements and soft calculations and linguistic assessments. The land cadastral information and management system should include executive and management subsystems and take into account the features of spatially distributed information modelling, as well as the creation of knowledge models in the field of geodesy and land management. Keywords: state land cadastre, geoinformation system, geomatics, information management system, cadastral data.
The article is devoted to the study of the technology of inventory of green areas with the use of the latest technologies: unmanned aircraft and satellite navigation systems. The topic of the article is relevant, because reliable and up-to-date information on the quantitative and qualitative state of green spaces of settlements is obtained during their inventory and arrangement. As a result of conducting an inventory for each green economy object, a passport of the green economy improvement object is drawn up. The following documents are attached to the passport: an inventory plan on a given scale and a working diary of accounting for greenery. One of the links in the inventory of green spaces of the settlement is sub-field survey, which is currently performed using unmanned aerial vehicles and satellite technologies and in turn consists of topographic and geodetic and aerial photography, and is divided into the following stages: information collection; preparatory work; chamber work. At the stage of collecting information on the object of work, the available urban, land management, geodetic and cartographic materials are analyzed. The second stage – preparatory work, consists of field surveying and aerial photography. Field geodetic works include reconnaissance of the area and the development of plan-height substantiation of the aerial survey area. Field aerial photography consists of creating a flight project, pre-flight training of a quadcopter and direct aerial photography. In-house works are the third final stage, which consists of: processing of aerial photographs; creation of a polygonal terrain model; creation of orthophoto in scale 1: 500; creation of a topographic plan in the Digitals software package; reconnaissance of the area to clarify the spatial and attributive data on greenery; creation of the adjusted topographic plan of inventory of green spaces. It is also recommended to make adjustments to the obtained topographic plan, during which the position of trees in places where a large error was detected and outlines were formed was measured by linear notches with reference to rigid contours. At the same time it is necessary to clarify the species of trees according to the symbols. The digital information obtained in this way about green plantations can be used to calculate the cost of work on the development of the passport of the facility and inventory plan for a given area or create and develop geographic information portals of green areas of individual territories or settlements.
The article is devoted to the study of changes that have occurred during the development of the land management project for the allocation of land when changing regulations in the field of land management and cadastre. Land management projects for the allocation of land plots are developed in the case of the formation of new land plots from state and communal lands and in the event of a change in the purpose of land plots. They can also provide for the division, consolidation of land owned by one person. The main documents regulating the technological process of land management project development for land allotment are the Land Code and the Law of Ukraine "On Land Management", which consists of 6 stages: obtaining a project development permit, concluding an agreement with the developer of land management documentation, project development, project approval, entering data into the State Land Cadastre and project approval. Identified changes in the technological process of development of land management project for the allocation of land, which include: 1. The powers of local governments and executive authorities to transfer land ownership have been changed. At the same time, powers were tied to the boundaries of territorial communities instead of the boundaries of settlements. 2. Simplified the procedure for cadastral survey of land. The procedure of agreeing on the boundaries of the land plot and restrictions, transferring the boundaries in kind (on the ground) and establishing boundary markers becomes optional. 3. The state examination of land management documentation was canceled. 4. Simplified the procedure for approving the land management project for the allocation of land. The agreement with the territorial body of the State Geocadastre on the location of the land plot and the bodies implementing the state policy in the field of cultural heritage protection, forestry, water management, environmental protection, urban planning and architecture has been canceled. The following is added to the cadastral plan of the land plot: information on the transfer in kind (on the ground) of the boundaries of protection zones, coastal protection strips and beach zones, sanitary protection zones, sanitary protection zones and zones of special land use regime and land boundaries; information on the established boundary markers.
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