Protoplasts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae prepared by snail-gut juice treatment were compared in their transport properties with intact cells. 1. Constitutive monosaccharide transport (D-xylose, 6-deoxy-D-glucose), as well as inducible transport of D-galactose, were unaltered. 2. Phosphorylation-associated transport of 2-deoxy-D-glucose was enhanced in protoplasts, possibly as a consequence of removal of the unstirred layer of the cell wall. 3. Proton-driven transports of trehalose, L-leucine, L-proline and monophosphate could not be activated by preincubation with D-glucose, apparently owing to lack of proton-solute coupling in transport. Utilization of glucose was not depressed but respiration was reduced by about 50% while acidification of the external medium after glucose addition was inhibited by more than 90%. This may be related to the inability of protoplast plasma membrane H-ATPase to be activated by glucose and hence to impaired proton-translocating capacity. Uranyl ions inhibited generally much less in protoplasts than in intact cells although their binding to protoplasts was greater (maximum 0.68 fmol per cell but 3.2 fmol per protoplast).
The cell wall glycopolymers of three strains of Streptomyces albus and the type strain of Streptomyces pathocidini were investigated. The structures of the glycopolymers were established using a combination of chemical and NMR spectroscopic methods. The cell wall of S. albus subsp. albus VKM Ac-35(T) was found to be comprised of three glycopolymers, viz. unsubstituted 1,5-poly(ribitol phosphate), 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) substituted with β-D-glucopyranose, and the major polymer, a 3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-ulosonic acid (Kdn)-teichulosonic acid: β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH, where n ≥ 3. The cell walls of 'S. albus' J1074 and 'S. albus' R1-100 were found to contain three glycopolymers of identical structures, viz. unsubstituted 1,3- and 2,3-poly(glycerol phosphates), and the major polymer, a Kdn-teichulosonic acid with an unusual structure that has not been previously described: β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH, where n ~ 7-8. The cell wall of S. pathocidini (formerly S. albus subsp. pathocidicus) VKM Ac-598(T) was found to contain two glycopolymers, viz. 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) partially O-glycosylated with 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose and/or O-acylated with L-lysine, and a poly(diglycosyl 1-phosphate) of hitherto unknown structure: -6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 6)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1-P-.
The fate of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in soil under natural conditions was investigated. It was revealed that the total amount of PCP significantly decreased when soil was inoculated by Streptomyces rochei 303, a strain-destructor of chlorophenols. The products of PCP transformation, such as tetra- and trichlorophenols, pentachlorobenzene, chlorinated dioxins, were identified after the first month of the experiment. Their quantity was less in the variant with the introduced strain compared to control.
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