Abstract. Measures of traits are the basis of functional biological diversity. Numerous works consider mean species-level measures of traits while ignoring individual variance within species. However, there is a large amount of variation within species and it is increasingly apparent that it is important to consider trait variation not only between species, but also within species. Mammals are an interesting group for investigating trait-based approaches because they play diverse and important ecological functions (e.g., pollination, seed dispersal, predation, grazing) that are correlated with functional traits. Here we compile a data set comprising morphological and life history information of 279 mammal species from 39,850 individuals of 388 populations ranging from À5.83 to À29.75 decimal degrees of latitude and À34.82 to À56.73 decimal degrees of longitude in the Atlantic forest of South America. We present trait information from 16,840 individuals of 181 species of non-volant mammals (Rodentia, Didelphimorphia, Carnivora, Primates, Cingulata, Artiodactyla, Pilosa, Lagomorpha, Perissodactyla) and from 23,010 individuals of 98 species of volant mammals (Chiroptera). The traits reported include body mass, age, sex, reproductive stage, as well as the geographic coordinates of sampling for all taxa. Moreover, we gathered information on forearm length for bats and body length and tail length for rodents and marsupials. No copyright restrictions are associated with the use of this data set. Please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data.
O número π em geralé descrito como o valor obtido da razão perímetro por diâmetro de uma circunferência, mas esse número aparece em várias circunstâncias nas ciências em geral, principalmente quando um sistema possui periodicidade. Neste trabalho apresentaremos uma forma de se obter experimentalmente essa constante matemática através da medida da resistência equivalente em uma malha infinita quadrada de resistores. As medidas foram realizadas ao longo do processo de construção da malha usando resistores reais e simulando-os em um aplicativo online. As medidas mostram que quanto maior a quantidade de camadas da malha, mais próximo do valor de π se aproxima. Apresentaremos também, outras as formas alternativas de realizar o experimento. Palavras-chave: Medida de π, Malha infinita de resistores.The number π is generally described as the value obtained from the perimeter per diameter ratio of a circumference. But this number appears in various circumstances in the sciences in general, especially when a system has periodicity. In this work we present a way to obtain this mathematical constant experimentally by measuring the equivalent resistance in an resistors infinite square grid. Measurements were made throughout the fabrication process using real resistors and simulating them in an online application. The measurements show that the greater the number of layers of the mesh, the closer the value of π is reached. We will also present other alternative ways of performing such an experiment.
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