In order to study the influence of impurities content on the water structure, Raman spectra and degrees of depolarization of different living water are measured by Raman spectroscopy, the relationship between the depolarization ratio and the impurity content in drinking water was obtained by the utilisation of computer deconvolution for the stretching vibration peak. The results showed that the intensity of different bending vibration is almost the same, and the intensity of the stretching vibration reflects different content of impurities in water. Depolarization calculation of water molecules showed that the stretching vibration is stronger than the bending vibration. The interaction of impurity ions and water molecules enhances the vibration rate of water molecules, making the symmetry of stretching vibration reduced, and leading to increased depolarization ratio. Therefore, the impurities content can be determined from the relative intensity of Raman characteristic peaks and the degrees of depolarization.
The traditional shape design method of tractor is mainly completed based on the manual design. Messages are transmited mainly through material object, model, blueprint and template. The material object and model even have a small change that will cause massive chain-reactions such as tedious blueprint revision. And there will be a great many of problem, such as the development cycle of tractor to be long, the accumulative error of design to be big, the development cost to be high and product universalization and serialized degree to be low. This problem is key problem to be solved for shape designer. Advanced design method such as CAD/CAM provid solutions for us, and especially the concept of parametric design was applied. In this paper an appfoach for the parametric design of tractor configuration will be presented. To this end, there are two key issues to be solved: First, the parametric representation of the tractor configuration, second,how to generate a three—dimesional shape of the tractor automatically based on the parametric representation. The parametric design of the tractor configuration is implemented by making use of the API technique of the CAD software,namely automation in CATIA.The test example shows that the approach presented is able to generate a three dimensional shape of the tractor automatically and meet the need of the parametric design of tractor configuration.
As a new actuators piezoelectric fiber composites is like a sandwich comprised of interdigitated electrodes, polymer and piezoceramic fibers. A series of piezoelectric unit’s equations about longitudinal length extension vibration mode are set up. According to the dynamic FEM equations for piezoelectric actuator, which are established by means of Lagrange function and Hamilton principle, a series of finite models are built. The performance of mechanics and electrics is analyzed in detail. The distribution of stain, stress and electrostatic field inside the PFC actuators is given by FEM. Influence of geometry parameters and material properties on the lengthways strain and stress are studied. In addition, effect of space and width of IDE and affiliated polymer on the electrostatic field are invested. The results show that PFC actuators perform well when the distance between IDE and fibers is zero and conductive polymer is used as affiliated polymer.
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