In this work, a lanthanum (La) doped ceria (CeO 2) film, which depicted a dual gas sensing response (electric and optical) for CO (g) detection, was obtained by the microwave-assisted hydrothermal (HAM) synthesis and deposited by the screen-printing technique, in order to prevent deaths by intoxication with this life-threatening gas. An electric response under CO (g) exposure was obtained, along with an extremely fast optical response for a temperature of 380°C, associated with Ce þ 4 reduction and vacancy generation. A direct optical gap was found to be around 2.31 eV from UV-Vis results, which corresponds to a transition from valence band to 4f states. Due to the anomalous electron configuration of cerium atoms with 4f electrons in its reduced state, they are likely to present an electric conduction based on the small polaron theory with a hopping mechanism responsible for its dual sensing response with a complete reversible behaviour.
We report a theoretical investigation of thermal hysteresis of fourfold anisotropy ferromagnetic ͑FM͒ film exchange coupled to a compensated antiferromagnetic substrate. Thermal hysteresis occurs if the temperature interval includes the reorientation transition temperature, below which the frustration of the interface exchange coupling leads to a 90°rotation of the magnetization of the ferromagnetic layer. The temperature width of the thermal hysteresis is tunable by external magnetic fields of modest magnitude, with values of 43 K for an external field of 110 Oe and of 14 K for a field of 210 Oe, for a Fe͑12 nm͒ / MnF 2 ͑110͒ bilayer. For a Fe͑3 nm͒ / FeF 2 ͑110͒ bilayer the width of the thermal hysteresis is 23 K at 110 Oe and 13 K at 300 Oe. We discuss how the thickness of the iron film affects the field tuning of the thermal hysteresis width, and also how the thermal loops may be used to identify the nature of the interface exchange energy.
We show that confinement in small volumes affects the interplay of exchange and dipolar interactions and the magnetic phases of hard and soft spherical core-shell nanoparticles. Large variations in the magnetization of thin shells may occur due to the core dipolar field gradient within the shell. The reversal field is tunable by the trends imposed by the dipolar and core-shell interface exchange energies. We show, for instance, that the reversal field of a CoFe 2 O 4 (30 nm)@MnFe 2 O 4 (6 nm) particle ranges from 15.5 kOe for antiferromagnetic coupling down to 2.5 kOe for ferromagnetic coupling.
We report a theoretical study of the magnetic phases of core-shell nanocylinders, consisting of a Py cylindrical core, dipolar coupled to a coaxial Fe cylindrical shell. A few nanometers thick nonmagnetic cylindrical layer separates the core from the shell, and controls the magnitude of the core-shell dipolar interaction. New magnetic phases emerge from the dipolar interaction, and may consist of either the combination of the intrinsic magnetic phases or new phases that are not seen in isolated cylinders and shells. We discuss typical examples. The magnetic phases of a 21 nm-height nanocylinder composed of a 57 nm-diameter Py core coupled to a 12 nm-thick Fe shell may be set to be a Py vortex with the same chirality of the Fe shell circular state, or a Py uniform domain coupled to a pair of domain walls of the Fe shell onion state. A magnetic vortex may be stabilized in a 6 nm-height, 42 nm-diameter Py cylinder coupled to a 6 nm-thick Fe shell.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.