No abstract

Polymorphism is common in nature, but few Heliconius species are polymorphic for wing colour patterns. Eastern Brazil H. erato phyllis populations are polymorphic for hindwing elements (red raylets) and studies suggest that trait distribution varies seasonally. We carried a 3-y sampling to evaluate the hypothesis that season, wing length and pollen foraging were associated with morph diversity. Individual phenotypes were scored with regards to number of red elements in the dry and in the wet seasons. Co-mimic H. melpomene nanna was also analysed. We scored 432 H. erato and 513 H. melpomene. Our results confirm polymorphism in H. erato, with individuals showing from one to eight elements, with a mode between five and six. We found that H. melpomene is polymorphic for red dots, varying from two to five (mode = 2). Red basal dots were mostly invariant in H. erato. Even though we found a seasonal change in pollen loads, we found no association between individual phenotypes and season, pollen load scores, or wing length. We reject the hypothesis of ecological correlates of morph frequency, and suggest that trait colour variation in the two species is linked to and constrained by effects on mate recognition.

Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o uso de marcadores bioquímicos e fisiológicos, na caracterização do estresse hídrico em calos de cultivares de cana-de-açúcar (Sacharum sp.), RB 72 454 (sensível) e SP 813250 (resistente), contrastantes quanto à resistência à seca em campo. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial de 2x5 [cultivar x doses de polietilenoglicol (PEG)], com dez tratamentos e três repetições. Os calos foram submetidos a concentrações de PEG correspondentes aos potenciais osmóticos de 0, -0,3, -0,6, -0,9 e -1,2 MPa, por 120 horas. A variação no conteúdo relativo de água e na umidade não foi significativamente diferente entre as cultivares. Entretanto, foi observada a tendência de aumento no vazamento de eletrólitos, em conseqüência da diminuição do potencial osmótico na cultivar tolerante. Na cultivar sensível, observou-se tendência de aumento de prolina e, na resistente, diminuição, embora os níveis não tenham sido afetados pelo deficit hídrico. As concentrações de aminoácidos livres foram maiores na sensível. Houve queda nas concentrações de amônia, em ambas cultivares. Os níveis de proteínas não foram afetados pelo PEG. O perfil protéico por SDS-PAGE não mostrou aumento induzido por PEG, na intensidade das bandas correspondentes aos peptídeos entre 14 e 66 kDa. Os marcadores bioquímicos e fisiológicos não foram relacionados ao grau diferencial de resistência observado nas cultivares em condições de campo.Termos para indexação: Saccharum sp., ajustamento osmótico, cultivo de calos, solutos orgânicos. Alterations on the profile of nitrogenous fractions in sugarcane calluses induced by water deficitAbstract -The aim of this work was to evaluate the use of physiological and biochemical parameters, in the characterization of water stress in sugarcane (Sacharum sp.) calluses, cultivars RB 72454 (sensible) and SP 813250 (resistant), differing in drought resistance in the field. The experimental design was completely randomized with a factorial scheme 2x5 [cultivar x concentrations of polyethylene glycol (PEG)], with ten treatments and three replicates. Calluses were submitted to PEG concentrations corresponding to osmotic potentials of 0, -0.3, -0.6, -0.9 and -1.2 MPa, during 120 hours. The variation of relative water content and humidity showed no significant differences between the cultivars. However, it was observed a trend of increase in electrolyte leakage, in the resistant cultivar related to diminishig of the osmotic potential in resistant cultivar. In the sensible cultivar, it was observed a trend of increase in proline, while the resistant one showed decrease, though proline levels were not affected by the water deficit. The amino acid concentrations were bigger in the sensible cultivar. There was a decrease of ammonia in both cultivars. Protein levels were not affected by the PEG. The protein profile evaluated by SDS-PAGE showed no PEG-induced increase in the intensity of bands corresponding to peptides between 14 and 66 kDa. The physiological...

No abstract