BACKGROUND Functional bowel disorder (FBD) may be caused by a decrease in disaccharidase activity. Thus, the timely diagnosis of disaccharidase deficiency could lead to a better prognosis in patients with this condition. AIM To determine the potential value of intestinal disaccharidases glucoamylase, maltase, sucrase, and lactase in understanding the etiology and pathogenesis of FBD. METHODS A total of 82 FBD patients were examined. According to the Rome IV criteria (2016), 23 patients had diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), 33 had functional diarrhea, 10 had constipation-predominant IBS, 4 had functional constipation, and 12 had mixed IBS. The Dahlqvist method was used to measure disaccharidase activity in the brush-border membrane of mature enterocytes of the small intestine, in duodenal biopsies obtained during esophagogastroduodenoscopy. RESULTS Lactase deficiency was detected in 86.5% of patients, maltase deficiency in 48.7%, sucrase deficiency in 50%, and glucoamylase deficiency in 84.1%. The activities of all enzymes were reduced in 31.7% of patients, and carbohydrase deficiency was detected in 63.5% of patients. The low activity of enzymes involved in membrane digestion in the small intestine was found in 95.2% of patients. CONCLUSION In 78 of the 82 patients with FBD, gastrointestinal symptoms were associated with disaccharidase deficiency.
The patient E., aged 39, was described with a severe form of the irritable bowel syndrome that developed after the stress. In addition to the clinical manifestations of IBS, the patient got the somatoform disorders, which manifested itself with a large number of extraintestinal symptoms and led to a disability. According to the recommendations of the Rome Criteria IV 2016, the main medicines for the treatment of biopsychosocial model of IBS are antidepressants. The remission of the disease with a complete recovery of the patients disability was achieved by duloxetine, an antidepressant from the group of serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors.
The occurrence of chronic diarrhea after cholecystectomy (CCY) has been described by many researchers. However, the main mechanisms of the development of this diarrhea are not fully understood. Supposed that dysregulation of the bile acids (ВA) absorption in the ileum is played a significant role in the development of diarrhea syndrome. Aim. To determine the role of the fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) level in the serum and BA concentration in feces in pathogenesis of bile acid diarrhea (ВАD) in patients after CCY. Materials and methods. Sixty-one patients were examined at various times after CCY: 30 patients with chronic diarrhea that appeared after CCY (group 1) and 31 patients with normal stools (group 2). In all patients, the level of FGF19 in the blood serum, and the daily excretion of BA in the feces were studied. The control group consisted of 28 healthy individuals. Results. In the 1st group we found lower concentrations of FGF19 in the blood serum 86.2 ng/ml (67.8; 117.8) compared with concentrations in the 2nd group 259 ng/ml (170.6; 318.8), p0.001. The daily excretion of bile acids with feces in the 1st group was 657.4 mg/day (524.6; 830.1), which was twice more than in the 2nd group and the control group. It was established an inverse correlation between serum concentration of the FGF19 and the BA excretion in the feces in all examined patients. It indicates a possible relationship between the low concentration of FGF19 in blood serum and malabsorption of the BA. Conclusion. Low level of FGF19 in the blood serum and a high excretion of BA in the feces may be one of the causes of BAD in patients undergoing cholecystectomy. Our results indicate the important role of FGF19 in the development of chronic diarrhea, which can be considered as one of the variants of postcholecystectomy syndrome.
Московский клинический научно-практический центр им. А.С. Логинова 2 Тверской государственный медицинский университет Антибиотик-ассоциированная диарея (ААД) является одним из частых осложнений антибактериальной терапии. В 10-30% случаев ААД обусловлена Clostridium di cile, в 80-90%-другими микроорганизмами. C. di cile вызывает псевдомебранозный колит. В отсутствие своевременной диагностики и патогенетической терапии заболевание приводит к развитию жизнеугрожающих осложнений. Для предупреждения ААД необходимо оптимизировать применение антибактериальных препаратов и разработать схемы профилактики. В статье описана роль пробиотических препаратов как для профилактики, так и для повышения эффективности терапии на примере лечения инфекции Нelicobacter рylori.
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