Th e loss of major nutrients can be high in rice (Oryza sativa L.) fi elds, particularly rainfed rice, where water fl owing from fi eld to fi eld during periods of high rainfall not only reduces the nutrient use effi ciencies but also has the potential for environmental degradation. We examined the infl uence of deep point placement of N, P, and K briquettes compared to broadcast incorporation of N, P, and K on fl oodwater nutrient loads aft er fertilizer application and on the performance of wet season rice in a Vertisol. Broadcast application of N as urea resulted in an average 10 times higher amounts of ammonium N in fl oodwater compared to deep placement of urea briquette. Th e broadcast application of single superphosphate resulted in 67 times higher amounts of P in fl oodwater than plots receiving deep placed P. Th e fl oodwater NH 4 + -N and P content in the deep placement treatments were negligible-similar to fl oodwater N and P content without fertilizer application. Th e fl oodwater K amounts were also significantly lower with deep placed N-P-K briquettes. Signifi cantly higher grain and straw yields, total N, P, and K uptake, and N and P use effi ciencies were observed with deep placement of N-P-K compared to broadcast application of N-P-K. Deep placed N-P briquettes gave signifi cantly higher grain yield, straw biomass, total P and K uptake, apparent P recovery, and agronomic N and P use effi ciencies when plant spacing was reduced from 20 by 20 cm to 20 by 10 cm. Closer plant spacing led to better utilization of P and K and provided opportunities for deep placement of N-P or N-P-K briquettes in soils with low available P. Combining site specifi c characteristics (high soil pH, low percolation rate, high rainfall and surface runoff s) with plant spacing and N-P-K briquettes prepared based on site-specifi c nutrient requirements off ers potential for higher yields, improved fertilizer use effi ciency, balanced fertilization, and reduced nutrient losses.

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of Zypmite fertilizer along with di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) in study. The application of Zypmite exhibited in growth, yield, nutrients uptake and availability of nutrient in soil. Zypmite response, the maximum number of branches (25.8 p -1 ), test weight (18.5 gm) and grain yield (17.10 q ha -1 ) was observed with 50 kg P 2 O 5 through DAP + 40 kg S through Zypmite (T 6 ). The nitrogen (69.52 kg ha -1 ) and phosphorous (7.89 kg ha -1 ) uptake was also found maximum under T 6 and minimum in control (T 1 ). The potassium (39.27 kg ha -1 ) and sulphur (7.85 kg ha -1 ) uptake was observed maximum under 50 kg P 2 O 5 through DAP + 20 kg S through Zypmite (T 5 ). After harvesting of crop, available nutrient status was observed higher available nitrogen (243.0 kg ha -1 ) under T 6 and available phosphorous was significantly higher in T 2 and T 9 (18.0 kg ha -1 ) as compared to control. Availability of potassium in all treatments was significantly not influenced during both years. The sulphur availability in soil was significantly influenced among treatment and found maximum (23.0 kg ha -1 ) under 40 kg sulphur through Zypmite (T 7 ). It was observed that Zypmite and chemical fertilizers, enhanced yield and higher uptake of nutrient as well as improved soil fertility.

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Sustaining soil health is an important task under changing scenario of climate and intensive cultivation. Therefore, a study was conducted on the Alfisols under rice-based cropping system of Korea district of Chhattisgarh in order to assess soil physical and chemical properties and to identify sustainable rice-based cropping" system in the area. Six "most prominent cropping sequences were" identified i.e. rice-wheat (RW), rice-chickpea (RC), rice-field pea (RP), rice-mustard (RM), rice-linseed (RL) and rice-fallow (RF). Stratified-random "soil sampling was done from the 10% of the total villages in the" district. In each village, "based on the cropping" system, soil "samples were taken from Alfisols. Soil physical and chemical properties have been evaluated among cropping" system using descriptive statistics. Among the cropping systems BD was higher in RW cropping" system, compared to RC, RP and RL. Other soil physical properties i.e. porosity, AWHC, "SMC and MWD were higher for soils under" rice-legume (RC and RP) cropping systems, than that of soils under" RW, RM and RF. Similarly soil chemical properties such as" OC available N, P, K, S and micronutrient Zn and B were found to be higher for soils under" rice-legume cropping system (RC and RP), compared to soils under" RW, RM and RF. From the descriptive statistics results it is concluded, that soil properties were sustain better for rice-legume cropping system (RC and RP) than that of soils under RW, RM, RL, and RF.