Annotation Purpose. Improving soil fertility due to new technical and technological support for rational methods of processing and using by-products of crop production as fertilizer. Methods. Generalization of the monographic results of experimental research of combined machines and other printed materials. Results. The reasons for the decrease in soil fertility are given; the technological operation for increasing soil fertility, which consists of grinding plant residues, introducing a destructor and mixing them in a soil layer at a depth of 10–12 cm when processing the soil to 16 cm, is justified, a combined unit for its implementation has been developed. Conclusions. The structural and functional scheme of the combined unit for increasing soil fertility, consisting of an energy source, on the front hitch of which a crop shredder with a horizontal axis of rotation and hammer working bodies for grinding plant residues is hung, on the rear hitch a combined machine with active scapular and passive working bodies is justified for processing the soil to a depth of 16 cm, and a tank for the destructor is installed on the frame, which ensures its introduction and mixing with the soil to a depth of 10–12 cm without a time gap, which increases the efficiency of the destructor's action on improving soil fertility. Keywords: soil fertility, plant residues, shredder, destructor, active-passive working bodies.
Аnnotation Purpose. Investigation of the influence of some microbial preparations and methods inoculations in time of seeds andtheir application in agroecosystems on soybean yield and combinations of domestic and foreign biological products on winter wheat yield. Methods. Microbiological, field, analytical and experimental. Results. It was found that bacterization of soybean seeds with nanocomposite complex bacterial preparation Nanoriz-1 most significantly increased soybean yield. A significant increase in soybean yield was also observed with the use of nanocomposite drug Nanoriz-2, which contained one strain of bacteria in the nanocomposite of bentonite–Bradyrhizobiumjaponicum634b (developed by the Institute of Natural Sciences of NASU). Under these conditions, soybean yields increased by 24.65 q/ha and 15.36 q/ha, in accordance. According to the comb technology of growing these plants, the studied inoculants caused the most noticeable stimulating effect on soybean yield of 28.17 q/ha and 14.71 q/ha, respectively. The use of the inoculant OPTIMIZE (Canada) in the usual technology provided an increase in yield of 10.57 q/ha. The best inoculants for winter wheat Artemis are a combination of a complex bacterial preparation Azogran (DK Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology NAS) and a foreign biological product Humifield (Germany) (yield increase compared to control 12.80 q/ha). Inoculation of seeds of winter wheat Capital Polymyxobacterin and Hetomic (ISMI APV) gives anincrease in yield compared to the control of 10.46 q/ha and 11.61 q/ha. Conclusions. As a result of industrial research on the effect of some inoculants and methods of their use on the yield of soybeans and winter wheat found that: 1) inoculation of soybean seeds of Ustya variety during sowing together with some inoculants, which containedbacteries with different strains, differenttitres, different chemical combinations, different chemical elements and different producers of preparations made it possible to determine the best inoculants, in particular inoculants made on the basis of interaction of highly efficient bacteria with nanoparticles ofbentonite clay mineral –Nanorиz-1 and Nanorиz-2, developed by the Institute of Microbiology and Virology D. K. Zabolotnogo NAS of Ukraine – which by conventional technology make it possible to obtain an increase in yield, compared with the control, respectively 24.65 q/ha and 15.36 q/ha, and inoculant OPTIMIZE (Canada) – 10.57 q/ha, and on the ridge technology with the direction of the ridges east – west and sowing in the southern side of the ridge Nanorиz-1 and Nanorиz-2, respectively, gave anincrease in yield of 28.17 q/ha and 14.71 q/ha; 2) the best inoculants (by inoculation of seeds in PNSh-5) for winter wheat Artemis are a combination of Azogran (Institute of Microbiology and Virology D. K. Zabolotnogo NAS of Ukraine) and foreign Humifield (Germany), yield increase of 12.80 q/ha. Inoculation of seeds of winter wheat Stolychna with Polymyxobacterin and Hetomik (Institute of Agricultural Microbiology and Agroindustrial Production of NAAS), in comparison with the control, makes it possible to obtain a yield increase of 10.46 q/ha and 11.61 q/ha, respectively. Keywords: different inoculants, methods of seed inoculation, device, soy, winter wheat, sowing, plant yield.
Annotation Purpose. Improving the quality of tillage with implements with disk working bodies. Methods. Analytical and experimental laboratory-field research using the developed mechanism, installed on the serial disk Harrow. Results. The mechanism of automatic regulation of soil tillage in disc instruments has been elaborated and developed. It was established that the developed mechanism ensures the improvement of soil processing quality by disk instruments by automatic alignment of the instruments in relation to the unit movement direction. Conclusions. As a result of research, the mechanism of automated soil tillage quality control instruments was elaborated and developed. It was established that the experimental mechanism of the provisionis to increase the quality of soil tillage by means of automatic instrument alignment with regard to movement direction of the unit. With the soil cultivation depth of 138–139 mm, the automatic control mechanism improves the processing quality, which indicates a decrease in the average quadratic deviation of the depth from ±36.1 mm to ±23.8 mm and a decrease in the depth variation coefficient from 26.2% to 17.2%. Keywords: soil tillage, disk tools, automatic adjustment mechanism.
Purpose. Investigate the effect of re-introduction of biological products on the yield of sunflower and soybeans. Methods. Mikrobiological, field, analytically-experimental. Results. The report was held in the State Enterprise “DG “Olenivske” of the NSC “IAEE” (Olenivka village, Fastivskyi district, Kyiv region). At the polls vicoristali biopreparat Bioekofunge-3. The re-introduction of the biopreparation on the dormouse has increased to the beginning of the yield, and on soybeans to the right yield. Conclusins. According to the results of production studies, the re-introduction of biological products for the yield of sunflower and soybeans is established: 1. One-time introduction of biopreparation Bioecofunge-3 during the growing season of sunflower and soybeans provided an increase in the yield of sunflower by 21.52% and soybeans by 14.37%. 2. Povtornoye application after 26 days of biopreparation Bioekofunge-3 during the growing season of sunflower reduced the increase in the harvest of sunflower compared to a single application of biologics by 14.97%, for increases in yield compared to the control of 6.55%. That is this means that after repeated application of the biological product, the sunflower plant was under stress; and the re-introduction of biologics on soybeans made it possible to obtain an increase in the harvest of 23.34%. 3. To restore the fertility of the soil spent on sunflower cultivation, the plant residues of sunflower – 8.48 kg/m2 (84.80 t/ha), it is necessary to grind, treat stubble with a destructor and earn money in the ground. Keywords: verbatim, soil, biologics, sunflower, basket, diameter, seeds, soybeans, tubers, beans, trigeminal leaves, height, yield.
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