generation; SES by income and education; and obesity by body mass index (BMI). RESULTS: Mean and standard deviations of BMI (kg/m 2 ) were 25.964.4, 26.064.2, and 25.564.3 in men of Mexican American, Cuban American, and Puerto Rican origin, respectively. For women, the corresponding values were 26.665.8, 25.965.0, and 26.265.9. Linear regression models of BMI which included acculturation, income, education, and other covariates were carried out. Income and education were not associated consistently with BMI. Acculturation, but only among Mexican Americans, was associated with BMI. Speci®cally, greater preference for English was associated with reduced BMI among women (P`0.01). Also, men and women of the second (P`0.001 in both sexes) and third (P`0.01 in men and P`0.001 in women) generation had greater BMIs. Relative to the ®rst generation, the increase in BMI units was 1.1560.34 in men and 1.7660.39 in women in the second generation and 0.8360.31 in men and 1.8360.37 in women of the third generation. CONCLUSIONS: BMI was not associated with SES, an unexpected ®nding since the relationship is generally negative in women from developed countries. The relationship between BMI and acculturation was weak and conditional. BMI in Mexican Americans appeared to be somewhat more sensitive to the process of acculturation than among Cubans or Puerto Ricans.
The response to oral doses of beta-carotene (0 mg, n = 10; 15 mg, n = 20; and 30 mg, n = 21) was studied in 51 Guatemalan children aged 8-15 y, with mean fasting plasma retinol concentrations of 1.72 +/- 0.38 mumol/L. Beta-carotene was delivered with a chocolate drink containing 8.4 g fat. Serial blood sampling was performed at intervals up to 48 h. Circulating retinol concentrations remained relatively constant. The maximum increases in plasma beta-carotene after the 30- and 15-mg doses for all subjects occurred at 24 h and were 0.29 and 0.23 mumol/L, respectively. Time of maximum increase for individuals varied and average maxima over the 48-h period for individuals were 0.13 and 0.26 mumol/L for the 15- and 30-mg-treatment groups, respectively. Increased plasma beta-carotene concentrations were not predicted by recent intake of dietary vitamin A, fasting plasma concentrations, or anthropometric measurements.
To assess the effect of hemolysis on serum retinol concentrations determined by direct fluorometry, we assayed 196 blood samples from children 6-72-mo of age with various grades of hemolysis for serum retinol by both fluorescence and HPLC. Mean serum retinol concentrations determined by HPLC did not differ significantly according to hemolysis grade; however, fluorometric values did. Additionally, serum retinol concentrations obtained from HPLC and those obtained from direct fluorometry were significantly different in samples with severe hemolysis. Multivariate-regression analysis showed that hemolysis grade was a significant predictor of the difference in mean serum retinol values determined by the two methods. Although severe hemolysis interfered with determinations of serum retinol by direct fluorometry, this method is still a viable choice for field studies of vitamin A status.
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