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Average annual age-dependent changes of carbon accumulation in the stemwood of major forest species (pine, spruce, and birch) of the taiga zone of the northwestern European Russia (Karelia) were analyzed. The changes in carbon accumulation were assessed by comparing carbon reserves in tree stands of various ages. Net primary productivity of photosynthesis (NPP) and the proportionality coefficient between respiratory decarboxylation and carbon reserves in wood were calculated. NPP clearly decreased with increasing climate aridization (aridity index). However, the time of the attainment of climax state by a stand did not depend on the latitudinal climate gradient. Hence, only the size of heterotrophic part of phytomass determines annual carbon losses in northern-taiga stands. It is concluded that the climate dependency of the long-term carbon storage in the phytomass of boreal forests is mainly determined by the climate effect on photosynthetic carbon sequestration.