Since the 1980s, the concept of dopamine-rich brain centers as clusters of only dopaminergic neurons has been fundamentally revised. It has been shown that, in addition to dopaminergic neurons, most of these centers contain neurons expressing one of the enzymes of dopamine synthesis: tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) or aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC). We have obtained convincing evidence that in rats, the hypothalamic periventricular nucleus (PeVN) is one of the largest dopamine-rich centers, containing dopaminergic and monoenzymatic neurons. Indeed, using double immunostaining for TH and AADC, the PeVN was shown to contain almost three thousand dopaminergic and monoenzymatic neurons. According to high-performance liquid chromatography, PeVN contains L-DOPA and dopamine, which, apparently, are synthesized in monoenzymatic TH neurons and bienzymatic neurons, respectively. According to confocal microscopy, neurons (cell bodies, fibers), which were immunopositive only to TH, only to AADC, or both, are in close topographic relationships with each other and with the 3rd ventricle. These data suggest the mutual regulation of the neurons, as well as the delivery of dopamine and L-DOPA to the third ventricle, which is confirmed by their detection in the cerebrospinal fluid. Thus, evidence has been obtained that PeVN is one of the largest dopamine-rich centers of the brain, containing dopaminergic and monoenzymatic neurons.
Reactions of disubstituted and terminal acetylenes with CH 2 I 2 and Et 3 Al in the molar ratio 1 : 4 : 6 lead to the selective formation of organoaluminum compounds containing di , tri , or tetrasubstituted cyclopropane fragments depending on the nature of acetylene and reaction conditions.
The complex (bipy)2Cu(5,9-eicd)
was prepared by the
reaction of Cu(OAc)2 with 5Z,9Z-eicosadienoic acid and 2,2′-bipyridine in methanol.
The new copper complex showed high antitumor activity in vitro toward
A2780cis, A2780, Hek293, K562, HL60, Jurkat, and U937 cell lines and
efficiently inhibited human topoisomerase I. Using flow cytofluorometry,
(bipy)2Cu(5,9-eicd) was studied for the effect on the cell
cycle and apoptosis-inducing activity in tumor cells.
The Conversion of Alkynes into Substituted Cyclopropanes Effected by CH2I2-R3Al (R: Me, Et, i-Bu). -The cyclopropanation reaction of internal and terminal alkynes with diiodomethane in the presence of trimethylaluminum (III) provides access towards β-iodoethyl-substituted cyclopropanes, e.g. (IV), (VIII), (XI). In contrast, the reaction with tri(isobutyl)aluminum (V) proceeds via the di(isobutyl)aluminumethyl analogue which is quenched by deuteration [cf. (VI), (IX), (XII)]. -(RAMAZANOV*, I. R.; DIL'MUKHAMETOVA, L. K.; DZHEMILEV, U. M.; NEFEDOV, O. M.; J.
An
effective one-pot method for the synthesis of polycyclic phospholanes
by in situ reaction of dichlorophosphines (RPCl2, where R = Ph, t-Bu, Me) with norbornane-annulated
aluminacyclopentanes was obtained by catalytic cycloalumination of
norbornenes. Oxidation of phospholanes gave the corresponding polycyclic
phospholane 3-oxides (3-sulfides). The molybdenum complex L2Mo(CO)4 (L = 3-phenyl-3-phosphatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]decane) was prepared for the first time by the reaction
of 3-phenyl-3-phosphatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]decane with
molybdenum hexacarbonyl. The structures of the obtained compounds
were confirmed by X-ray diffraction and multinuclear 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR spectroscopy.
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