Power Transformer Design with an IBM 650 l. j. MACKinnon ASSOCIATE MEMBER AIEE T HE OBJECTIVE of a power transformer design and estimate cost program is to supply accurately and quickly output data which not only meets the deshed design characteristics, but also results in the most efficient utilization of labor and materials. A program to supply complete core and winding, tank and cooling equipment and estimate cost data for any two or three winding power transformer of 2,500 to 50,000 kva re quires 7 times the available internal storage of the IBM (International Business Machines) 650 digital com puter. The 650 magnetic drum permits a maximum storage space of 2,000 ten-digit words, with each instruc tion or constant constituting one word space. The pro gram instructions and constants are loaded by punched cards, which makes it desirable to maintain iterative calculations within the capacity of the drum; the alter native is to reload data. Some iterations would necessi tate the loading and reloading of decks of punched cards a number of times.Design criteria such as desirable conductor sizes, wind ing temperature and reactance are essential for any design, but to realize the maximum benefits from a computer it is necessary also to include major criteria such as total loss and optimum cost. Unfortunately, it does not seem practical or economical to incorporate either of the latter two criteria in a lengthy card input program. However, the use of alternative designs per mits the design engineer to choose the most suitable design for a total loss, cost, total weight or dimension criteria.Because the length of the program requires seven times the internal storage capacity of the 650, the pro gram data has been prepared in groups of approxi mately 2,000 instructions and constants; each group is referred to as a drum of instructions. Fig. 1 shows a general flow chart of the number of consecutive drums of instructions, including constants, necessary for the complete program; the only iteration between drums is shown between drums 1 and 1-A.The variable input data required for the program is loaded with the first deck of cards, and contains the kva, voltages, reactance, and frequency from the customer specifications, plus values from the designer specifying the kv test and type of each winding, the estimated winding temperature rise and the core leg area; the in put sheet also provides space to list alternative values of winding temperature rise or core leg area, or both. The use of alternative designs results in various design char acteristics and costs, and thus the designer may choose the design which not only meets the desired criteria but also results in the most efficient use of labor and ma terials. The input data is teletyped to the computer JANUARY 1959
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