This paper presents the results of jield and laboratory studies conducted to evaluate treatment methods for reducing the concentrations of dissolved copper and iron in several spent boiler cleaning solutions. These waste solutions are generated during the cleaning of steam tubes in utility boilers.Cleaning may be accomplished using one of several solutions, including: inhibited hydrochloric acid, ammonium bromate, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), citrate, and hydroxyacetic-formic acid. The raw wastes were treated by conventional lime and caustic precipitation and b y co-ponding with coal f l y ash. Analytical results were compared with Federal ef$uent discharge guidelines (NPDES) for copper and iron.
Practices for sampling solid wastes from point discharges and impoundments are being developed for ASTM Committee D-34 on Waste Disposal and will provide guidance for obtaining representative samples of solid wastes from point discharges and surface impoundments. The sampling guidelines outline safety procedures, design considerations, sampling equipment, and sampling procedures. Proper design is a key component of any waste sampling program and is emphasized in these practices. The frequency of sampling or the spatial distribution of samples required to obtain a descriptive sample depends on the variability of the waste composition and the precision of waste analysis required. Given the waste variability and precision requirements, the number of samples necessary can be calculated using fundamental statistical concepts.
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