Protein levels of APRIL in CSF were increased in NPSLE as compared to OND. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between CSF APRIL levels and fatigue. Our results suggest that APRIL and possibly also BAFF may be involved in the pathogenesis of NPSLE and in SLE-related fatigue.

Background and purposeThe aim was to study the prevalence of epilepsy in a hospital‐based systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) cohort and to investigate the relationship between epilepsy and other manifestations of neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE).MethodsThe study population consisted of 440 SLE patients recruited from 1998 to 2012. An epilepsy‐screening questionnaire was sent to all patients, where those screening positive were invited to a neurological examination with documentation of NPSLE symptoms according to the American College of Rheumatology nomenclature. Occurrences of autoantibodies (double stranded DNAantibody, antinuclear antibody, lupus anticoagulant, Sjögren's syndrome A, Sjögren's syndrome B) and the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) were tabulated.ResultsOut of 440 patients, 14% were dead and 2.7% were lost to follow‐up. The questionnaire was sent to 368 patients; 312 (85%) responded. Of these, 131 (42%) screened positive. Epilepsy was confirmed in 36 (11.5%), of whom 30 (83%) had focal onset. Ten (3.2%) patients had isolated or provoked seizures. Manifestations of NPSLE occurred in 50%. The rates of cerebrovascular disease and psychosis were elevated two‐ and three‐fold in NPSLE patients with epilepsy versus NPSLE patients without epilepsy, respectively (P = 0.001 and P = 0.0006). APS was more common in patients with epilepsy compared to epilepsy‐free SLE patients with or without NPSLE (P = 0.02). In 50% of patients with epilepsy, no other etiology than SLE was detected.ConclusionsA high prevalence of epilepsy in SLE patients is reported, with association to concurrent cerebrovascular disease, APS and psychosis. Our findings support the notion of a multifactorial background for epilepsy in SLE including both vascular disease and features consistent with autoimmunity.

JCV DNA was absent in CSF and plasma in NPSLE patients and controls and consequently we were not able to identify any correlation between the occurrence of JCV DNA and type of immunosuppressive medication.

positive correlation with ESR, dsDNA, C3, C4. Cytokines didn't correlate with SLEDAI. Conclusions IL6 and TNF a are reliable markers of disease activity, but lack significant clinical correlation. Background and aims Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous disorder with diverse manifestations and serologic features. The purpose is to categorise SLE patients into similar initial characteristics. Methods Hierarchical cluster analysis approached to 389 SLE patients and 10 laboratory values. Laboratory values were transformed into Z-score for hierarchical clustering. Ward's method as agglomeration method was a criterion applied with spearman correlation as distance metric. Clinical characteristics among clusters were examined by ANOVA with Tukey and Fisher's exact test. To find each SLE cluster using initial laboratory, linear discriminant analysis was applied. Results Three clusters were revealed by initial laboratory data; Cluster 1 had higher anti-dsDNA antibody, ANA titer and ESR, and low complements, lymphocyte, haemoglobin and platelet counts, Cluster 2 had lower anti-dsDNA antibody, ANA titer and ESR, and Cluster 3 had lower anti-dsDNA antibody titer, WBC and lymphocyte counts, and higher ANA titer. As a result from analysing cumulative manifestations and treatment, Cluster 1 showed more frequent malar rash, alopecia and renal disease with higher SLEDAI, and more use of cyclophosphamide and azathioprine. Also, oral ulcer was developed frequently in Cluster 2. During disease duration, total and mean corticosteroids and the number of flare were higher in Cluster 1. Conclusions With initial laboratory values, SLE patients could be divided 3 clusters. Each Cluster showed different characteristics in clinical manifestations and treatment patterns. This predictive model considered disease severity had 84.6% of total predictability. 235 HIERARCHICAL CLUSTER ANALYSIS OF SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS