Summary: Invasive blood pressure measurement (IBP) using peripheral arteries is a commonly used technique in equine anaesthesia, although the accuracy has not been demonstrated. Non-invasive blood pressure monitoring (NIBP) may be indicated for field anaesthesia, short procedures and foal anaesthesia. In the present report, the agreement of various IBP and NIBP measuring sites compared to carotid artery pressure was tested in anaesthetised experimental ponies. Six ponies were anaesthetised in lateral recumbency with sevoflurane and received either saline or dexmedetomidine boli followed by constant rate infusion (CRI). Invasive blood pressure measurements were obtained simultaneously from the carotid, facial and metatarsal arteries. NIBP measurements over both median arteries, metatarsal and middle coccygeal arteries were performed in random order. All blood pressure readings obtained were compared to carotid pressure by BlandAltman analysis. Non-invasive blood pressure measurements had larger bias and poorer limits of agreement compared to IBP measurements. NIBP measurement from the coccygeal artery had the best repeatability and best limits of agreement of all NIBP positions and was not affected by the use of dexmedetomidine. The facial artery had smaller limits of agreement with dexmedetomidine treatment. There was no difference between the facial and metatarsal arteries during dexmedetomidine treatment in MAP and DAP. Systolic arterial pressures from the metatarsal artery showed larger bias and larger limits of agreement compared to facial artery. In conclusion, NIBP measurement from the tail artery is a reliable alternative to direct arterial blood pressure measurement. Both the metatarsal and facial arteries have acceptable agreement with carotid artery pressure so the choice can be based on the logistics of the procedure.Keywords: Anaesthesia / Dexmedetomidine / Equine / Blood Pressure / Monitoring Vergleich der Genauigkeit einer invasiven und nicht-invasiven peripheren Blutdruckmessung zum Karotisdruck bei anästhe-sierten PoniesIn vielen Pferdekliniken gehört die invasive Messung des arteriellen Blutdruckes (IBP) mittels Katheter in peripheren Arterien während einer Pferdeanästhesie zur Standardüberwachung der Anästhesie, obwohl die Genauigkeit dieser Messung nie belegt wurde. Nichtinvasive Blutdruckmessung ist eine mögliche Alternative für Feldanästhesien, kurze Eingriffe oder bei Fohlen. In der voliegenden Studie wurde die Über-einstimmung von an verschiedenen Stellen invasiv und nichtinvasiv gemessenen Blutdrücken mit dem Blutdruck in der Arteria Karotis bei unter experimentellen Bedingungen anästhesierten Ponis bestimmt. Sechs Ponis wurden in Seitenlage mit Sevofluranästhesie anästhesiert und erhielten zusätzlich Kochsalzlösung oder Dexmedetomidin Boli gefolgt von einer kontinuierlichen Infusion. Der invasive Blutdruck wurde gleichzeitig in der Arteria f., der A. metatarsalis und der A. karotis gemessen. Nicht invasive Blutdruckmessungen über der Schweifarterie, den beiden Medianarterien oder der Met...
The present study was undertaken to provide computed tomographic (CT) reference values for structures in the thorax of the calf. Six clinically healthy Holstein-Friesian calves were anaesthetized. Transverse pre- and postcontrast images with a reconstructed 1.5-mm slice thickness were obtained using a multislice-CT scanner at 6 different time points from birth to 105 days of age. Absolute and relative measurements of the trachea, heart, cranial and caudal vena cava, thoracic aorta, right and left principal bronchi, right and left caudal lobar bronchi and the accompanying branches of the right and left pulmonary artery and vein, thoracic lymph nodes and lung density were taken for every time point. All animals were euthanized after the last CT scan, and 4 calves were frozen to generate an atlas comparing gross anatomy with CT. During the study, 4 animals temporarily showed coughing and mucopurulent nasal discharge, and mild to moderate bronchopneumonia and pleuritis were diagnosed using CT. Animals recovered with treatment; however, mild to moderate CT changes remained throughout the study. Even in the 2 clinically normal animals, mild bronchopneumonia was diagnosed on CT.
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