Using cycloplegia, the change in ametropia of 113 infants was followed at 3 month intervals over the first year of life. Scatterplots of the spherical equivalent power show that the dioptric differences exhibit a significant myopic shift of -0.38 ds between 26 and 36 weeks and -0.38 ds between 36 and 52 weeks. The spread of the dioptric differences (95% CI) does not appear to be related to the magnitude of the ametropia present and decreases with time. By 12 months of age the frequency distribution of the spherical equivalent appears to become leptokurtic as it is in the adult. On average the astigmatism was of low degree (less than 1 dioptre cylinder) and with the rule. Anisometropia was rarely seen. The results of this longitudinal study point to an optimal time for screening and perhaps prescribing for 'abnormal' refractive error between 9 and 12 months of age.
A prospective randomised study is reported comparing a single peribulbar injection into the medial compartment of the orbit and the standard two injection peribulbar technique. One hundred and seven patients undergoing elective intra -ocular surgery were randomly allocated to receive either a single medial injection, or two injections, using prilocaine 3 Qh with .felypressin. Akinesia and pain during surgery were assessed following the injection(s). There was no signijcant dijierence in pain during surgery and globe akinesia between the two groups. The single medial peribulbar injection is as effective as two injections using prilocaine 3%.
This is attributable to the modern alloy composition of the ammunition in question. It is concluded that surgical intervention may be indicated only where there is a mechanical disturbance of ocular motility allied with good visual function.
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