Fathers significantly influence family functioning, as coparents and partners, and must be part of family-based approaches to behavioral health interventions or programs. But little is known regarding how to support Latino fathers in health promotion within their family systems, specifically for Latino families living in border communities. Program development was embedded in a larger community-based grant and part of a longstanding academic-community collaboration. An interdisciplinary research team applied theories related to health behavior, family systems, behavior change, and community engagement to develop a father-focused and family-centered behavioral program for Mexican-heritage fathers and children living near the Texas-Mexico border to support changes in nutrition and physical activity at the individual and family levels. Promotoras de salud (trained community health workers) delivered the program through group sessions, check-in calls, and at-home activities. Group session activities were designed to engage family triads and dyads using experiential education related to nutrition and physical activity, like cooking lessons and active play, over a six-week period. Future research can use the program approach and curricula as a roadmap for designing context-specific and culturally-relevant programs for Latino families. Additional research is needed to explore how approaches like this can support families and their health goals.

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Antioquia Department is the state with the highest burden of tuberculosis (TB) in Colombia. Our aim was to determine the risk factors associated with unsuccessful TB treatment in HIV-seropositive and homeless persons, compared with non-HIV-infected and non-homeless persons with TB. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using observational, routinely collected health data from all drug-susceptible TB cases in homeless and/or HIVseropositive individuals in Antioquia from 2014 to 2016. Unsuccessful TB treatment was defined as individuals having been lost to follow-up, having died, or treatment failure occurrence during the study period. Successful treatment was defined as cure of TB or treatment completion according to the WHO definitions. We identified 544 homeless persons with TB (432 HIV− and 112 HIV+), 835 HIV+ persons with TB and non-homeless, and 5,086 HIV−/non-homeless people with TB. Unsuccessful treatment rates were 19.3% in HIV−/non-homeless persons, 37.4% in non-homeless HIV+ patients, 61.5% in homeless HIV− patients, and 70.3% in homeless HIV+ patients; all rates fall below End TB strategy targets. More than 50% of homeless patients were lost to follow-up. Risk factors associated with unsuccessful treatment were HIV seropositivity, homelessness, male gender, age ³ 25 years, noncontributory-type health insurance, TB diagnosis made during hospitalization, and previous treatment for TB. These results highlight the challenge of treating TB in the homeless population. These findings should put an onus on TB programs, governments, clinicians, and others involved in the collaborative care of TB patients to pursue innovative strategies to improve treatment success in this population.

Este artículo revisa la literatura sobre los diferentes modelos para el mejoramiento de procesos desarrollados como elemento clave para alinear las operaciones de las empresas con sus prioridades estratégicas. El objetivo es proporcionar información útil sobre la anatomía de la literatura en esta área de conocimiento, presentando un marco unificado de los artículos explorados cronológicamente, a partir de los tres principales enfoques para el mejoramiento de procesos. El análisis se centra en 11 modelos con un enfoque en el rediseño y examina las características subyacentes y la metodología estructurada, los aportes y diferencias entre los constructos manejados por sus autores. Adicionalmente, se revisan los aspectos positivos y aquellos que pueden ser complementados para mejorar su aplicabilidad en las empresasThis article reviews the literature on different models for the improvement of processes developed as a key to aligning business operations with strategic priorities. The aim is to provide useful information about the anatomy of the literature in this area of knowledge, presenting a unified framework of articles explored chronologically, from the three main approaches to improving processes, focusing the analysis on 11 models with a focus on the redesign, examining the underlying characteristics and structured methodology, contributions and differences between the constructs used by their authors and an analysis of the positive aspects,as well as those that can be complemented to improve their applicability in business

Despite growing health disparities in Latino populations related to lack of physical activity (PA), little is known regarding the impact of social networks on PA and sedentary behavior among a sample of Latino fathers residing in functionally rural colonias. Fathers wore accelerometers and responded to questions regarding their self-efficacy and characteristics of who they were active with most often. Fathers (n = 47) attained a mean of 73.3 min of moderate-to-vigorous PA (SD = 23.8) per day and were sedentary for a mean of 364.0 min (SD = 74.4) per day. In total, fathers reported 205 alters and significantly more family members (M = 3.60, SD = 1.64) than friends (M = 0.77, SD = 1.37). Sedentary time was positively associated with number of peers and inversely related to the number of children reported. Minutes of moderate-to-vigorous PA was significantly associated with greater self-efficacy and number of family members reported. This study contributes to the evidence by further examining PA correlates of Latino fathers from functionally rural colonia communities. Additionally, this study supported both family systems theory and the socio–ecological model as it details the interpersonal and familial influences of PA behavior. Thus, supports for family activity promotion and programs which impact familial norms and activity at the family level may be particularly useful.

Homeless people are highly susceptible to tuberculosis. It has been suggested that this population have high rates of mental disorders associated with tuberculosis. We assessed tuberculosis incidence, its transmission patterns and association with socio-demographic factors and mental disorders in Colombian homeless people. Prospective study which socio-demographic characteristics and mental disorders were assessed through interviews. Sputa from patients with respiratory symptoms were processed and clinical isolates analyzed by IS6110-RFLP. Multivariate analysis performed by logistic regression model. From 426 homeless studied, tuberculosis incidence found was 7.9 %. 44 % of isolates were clustering. It was found high risk of having tuberculosis associated with income from drugs trade (OR: 3.40 [95 % CI: 1.28-9.05]), dysthymia (OR: 2.54 [95 % CI: 1.10-5.86]) and receiving food from other homeless (OR: 2.47 [95 % CI: 1.16-5.25]). Tuberculosis incidence and degree of transmission are high in homeless studied. Implementing programs to better control tuberculosis among homeless population must consider socio-demographic factors and mental disorders associated with the disease.

Latino children are disproportionately affected by childhood obesity. Prior research has encouraged father engagement to bolster prevention efforts and outlined general strategies for father recruitment, engagement, and retention. However, behavioral nutrition or education programs with a focus on Latino fathers are lacking, which means there is little guidance for working with Latino fathers in motivation and maintenance. This perspective highlights strategies for supporting dietary and activity behaviors with Latino fathers. Researchers can apply strategies to observational studies or program development and implementation, and practitioners can use strategies to tailor education and counseling with Latino fathers as part of obesity prevention.

Promotoras de salud (promotoras) have been a valuable part of community research for Latino families, such as in the recruitment or delivery of health promotion programs. However, there has been limited discussion of how to integrate a promotora model into a father-focused program to support nutrition and physical activity within Latino families. This manuscript’s purpose is to describe how to engage and collaborate with promotoras in a father-focused, family-centered program for Latino families living in colonias near the U.S.–Mexico border. As part of a longstanding community–academic partnership, the authors outline approaches and lessons learned from collaboration with promotoras during the design (including formative work and training), implementation, and evaluation of a behavioral program—¡Haz Espacio para Papi! (HEPP, Make Room for Daddy!). Promotoras’ contributions supported the entire program, from design through evaluation. The team of all-female promotoras created a balance between the needs and preferences of the community and the goals and requirements of the research. While there is considerable time and human capital required for collaboration, the mutual benefits can make this work meaningful to all involved.