In this article the current capabilities at DENIM for the analysis of directly driven targets are presented. These include theoretical, computational and applied physical studies and developments of detailed simulation models for the most relevant processes in ICF. The simulation of directly driven ICF targets is carried out with the one-dimensional NORCLA code developed at DENIM. This code contains two main segments: NORMA and CLARA, able to work fully coupled and in an iterative manner. NORMA solves the hydrodynamic equations in a lagrangian mesh. It has modular programs coupled to it to treat the laser or particle beam interaction with matter. Equations of state, opacities and conductivities are taken from a DENIM atomic data library, generated externally with other codes that will also be explained in this work. CLARA solves the transport equation for neutrons, (Boltzmann), as well as for charged particles, and suprathermal electrons (Fokker-Planck), using discrete ordinates and finite element methods in the computational procedure. Parametric calculations of multilayered single-shell targets driven by heavy ion beams are also analyzed. Finally, conclusions are focused on the ongoing developments in the areas of interest such as: radiation transport, atomic physics, particle in cell method, charged particle transport, two-dimensional calculations and instabilities.
Keywords: Monte Cario simulations FeCr alloys Radiation effects Fusion materials Fission materialsObject Kinetic Monte Carlo models allow for the study of the evolution of the damage created by irradiation to time scales that are comparable to those achieved experimentally. Therefore, the essential Object Kinetic Monte Carlo parameters can be validated through comparison with experiments. However, this validation is not trivial since a large number of parameters is necessary, including migration energies of point defects and their clusters, binding energies of point defects in clusters, as well as the interaction radii. This is particularly cumbersome when describing an alloy, such as the Fe-Cr system, which is of interest for fusion energy applications. In this work we describe an Object Kinetic Monte Carlo model for Fe-Cr alloys in the dilute limit. The parameters used in the model come either from density functional theory calculations or from empirical interatomic potentials. This model is used to reproduce isochronal resistivity recovery experiments of electron irradiated dilute Fe-Cr alloys performed by Abe and Kuramoto. The comparison between the calculated results and the experiments reveal that an important parameter is the capture radius between substitutional Cr and self-interstitial Fe atoms. A parametric study is presented on the effect of the capture radius on the simulated recovery curves.
Se realizó un estudio descriptivo-prospectivo con una muestra de 114 mujeres que se observaron desde el ingreso al servicio de puerperio hasta su egreso, para evaluar la calidad de atención que se brinda en el puerperio inmediato en el Hospital Universitario del Valle, Cali, Colombia, durante los meses de octubre a diciembre de 1993. Se evaluaron tres componentes: el científico-técnico que permitió analizar el cumplimiento de normas, la existencia de manuales, recurso humano y material, el de ambiente físico que permitió determinar las condiciones del área en donde se presta la atención y por último el componente interpersonal que permitió identificar la opinión de la usuaria acerca de la atención humanizada recibida. El servicio de puerperio cumplió con el 63.5% de los requisitos mínimos establecidos para recursos humanos, con un 68.3% para recursos materiales, con un 18.2 % para el cumplimiento de normas y un 66.6% para la existencia de manuales. El 68.8% de las mujeres opinó que la atención recibida fue humanizada, las condiciones del ambiente físico obtuvo un 56.7% de cumplimiento de los requisitos mínimos establecidos. Estos resultados reportaron que ningún componente obtuvo un porcentaje mayor del 80% (porcentaje mínimo establecido), lo que indicó que la calidad de atención en el puerperio inmediato no fue adecuada.
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