Representative strains of 15 species of lactic acid bacteria were examined for their ability to influence growth of Staphylococcus aureus and production of enterotoxin in associative culture. Among the organisms used as effectors the streptococci were-most inhibitory, followed by Pediococcus cerevisiae. The lactobacilli and Leuconostoc citrovorum were not inhibitory to growth and only slightly inhibitory to production of enterotoxin. Enterotoxin was detected in all cultures in which the population of S. aureus reached 8 x 107 per ml. At lower S. aureus populations no enterotoxin was detected after incubation for 48 h. Mechanisms of inhibition of growth and enterotoxin production by S. aureus strain 243 grown in association with Streptococcus lactis A64 or P. cerevisiae 10791 in APT broth were investigated. Competition for vital nutrients, especially niacin and biotin, and probably production of hydrogen peroxide contribute to inhibition. Production of lactic acid appears to inhibit growth of S. aureus in the early but not the late stages of incubation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cultures. S. aureus 243 produces enterotoxin B and was obtained from the late E. P. Casman of the Federal Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C. S. lactis A62, A64, A254, G18; S. cremoris E8; Pediococcus cerevisiae FBB39 and FBB63; Lactobacillus plantarum FBB12; and Lactobacillus casei 54 were stock cultures from the Food Microbiology Laboratory at Michigan State University. Streptococcus thermophilus W, Leuconostoc citrovorum
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