We describe a simple optical-pulse-equalization technique for minimizing pulse dispersion in a single-mode fiber transmission system utilizing the positive- and the negative-dispersion characteristics of single-mode fibers on both sides of a zero-chromatic-dispersion wavelength.
Microscopic lenses, fabricated on optical fiber surfaces, have quadrupled the efficiency for coupling astigmatic beams from GaAs junction lasers into 4-microm cores of single-mode fibers. A novel photolithographic technique was used to make hemispherical and hemicylindrical microlenses, with diameters between 4 microm and 10 microm, from commercially available negative type photoresist that is transparent at ir laser wavelengths. Geometrical profiles of photoresist lenses, documented with scanning electron photomicrographs, were remarkably smooth even though their dimensions were more than an order of magnitude smaller than other known lenses.
Subnanosecond pulses in the 1120-1550-nm region are generated by multiple-order stimulated Raman scattering in a small core single-mode silica fiber pumped by a Q-switched and mode-locked Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm. These near ir pulses are injected into various km long test fibers, and relative time delay changes between different wavelengths are used to determine dispersion in a region where fiber material dispersion is small. Zero material dispersion has been observed in germanium and boron-doped single-mode and multimode est fibers.
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