Abstract:During the 1970s and 1980s the techniques of tillage and the area of cultivation on the Russian Plain remained virtually unchanged. Therefore, it is possible to assess both the rate and forms of erosion and sedimentation over almost all of the plain for this period of several decades. Using the SHI model and USLE, with coefficients derived for Russian conditions, observed gully density, area and volume, and a morphogenetic classification of streams, it has been possible to produce an assessment of the current state of erosion and sedimentation. The geographic patterns of both the rates and types of erosion and sedimentation are presented and partially explained. This assessment will be of considerable value as a 'baseline' against which to assess future changes as the area of cultivation and the methods of farming change, as well as to assess historical erosion and deposition.
The article is dedicated to the 50th anniversary since the N. I. Makkaveev’s Scientific Research Laboratory for soil erosion and channel processes was organized at the Moscow University. The history of scientific school, created by N. I. Makkaveev, establishment is considered, as well as the discipline on integral erosion-depositional process and its evolution to the theory of catchment erosion-fluvial systems. The analysis of the fundamental researches performed by the Laboratory is submitted, and the application tasks in the area of soil erosion, gully erosion, channel and estuarine processes are outlined. Main directions of research are formulated, the prospects for their development are evaluated.
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